The Effects of Music Therapy on Mentally Handicapped People

The Effects of Music Therapy on Mentally Handicapped People Music therapy is a controversial but effective form of rehabilitation on mentally handicapped people. A great amount of research has been completed on this subject. It has been proven that our brains respond to music as if it were medicine. Music therapy is not a commonly used health care, but recent studies have suggested it can have a wide range of benefits. Music therapy is the prescribed use of music and related strategies, by a qualified therapist, to assist or motivate a person towards specific, non-musical goals. This process is used in order to restore, maintain, and improve emotional, physical, physiological, and spiritual health and well being. At the heart†¦show more content†¦Such disorders may affect an individuals ability to think, listen, speak, read, or write. The need for individualized instruction, repetition, and face to face interaction is necessary for improvement. To become a qualified music therapist you must have an undergraduate and/or gradu ate degree in music therapy from university programs approved by the AMTA. You follow your degree with six months of full-time supervised clinical training. You must then be board-certified by the certification Board for Music Therapy and take a national exam. You maintain your status through continuing education and retesting. Members of the clients treatment team prescribe music therapy. Members can include doctors, social workers, psychologists, teachers, caseworkers, and parents. Music therapists use their training as musicians, clinicians, and researchers to effect changes in physical communication, social skills, and emotional skills. They use musical experiences such as singing, playing instruments, moving, listening, composing, and improving self-awareness and growth. 5 Musical interventions are developed and used by the therapist based on his or her knowledge of the musics effect on behavior, the clients strengths and weaknesses, and the therapeutic goals. Music therapists choose from a large amount of music activities andShow MoreRelated The Effects of Music Therapy on Mentally Handicapped People Essay2202 Words   |  9 PagesThe Effects of Music Therapy on Mentally Handicapped People nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Music therapy is a controversial but effective form of rehabilitation on mentally handicapped people. A great amount of research has been completed on this subject. It has been proven that our brains respond to music as if it were medicine. Music therapy is not a commonly used health care, but recent studies have suggested it can have a wide range of benefits. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Music therapy isRead MoreThe Effects Of Music Therapy On Children With Autism1406 Words   |  6 Pagesthose healing methods is Music Therapy. Music Therapy has been shown to help many people of all age groups, a specific group being children with autism. It helps benefit children with autism by improving their communication and social skills. Just simply listening to music calms and puts the brain at ease. Music Therapy is beneficial to this specific group because though they may have deficits socially, they show none when it comes to musical affect. This form of therapy allows autistic childrenRead MoreA Descriptive Study of the Practice of Music Therapy in Hong Kong17388 Words   |  70 PagesKONG BAPTIST UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF MUSIC A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF THE PRACTICE OF MUSIC THERAPY IN HONG KONG By LAM HOI YAN April, 2007 04002865 ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to examine the development of music therapy in Hong Kong. Specifically, a number of related issues were studied including definition of music therapy, the origin of music therapy, the recent developments in music therapy in China, establishment of a music therapy session, and the setting of therapeuticRead MoreFundamental Determinants6264 Words   |  26 PagesRachna Foundation [RACHNA ON THE CROSSROADS] Rachna Foundation is in a turbulent phase with greater than expected influx of mentally disabled children and government’s strict new regulations. Amidst the usual battle for arranging finances it is finding it hard to keep its mast upright. Rachna on the crossroads On a busy Friday morning, while Dr. Lalitha was busy attending to her patients at her home based clinic, she got a call from the office of Rachna Foundation. The office staff hadRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pageschallenges, including: â€Å"How can I help others accept new goals, new ideas, new approaches?† â€Å"How can I invigorate those who feel outdated and left behind?† â€Å"How do I help the ‘survivors’ of a downsizing pick up the pieces and move on?† â€Å"How do I help people with very different agendas and philosophies work together, especially during periods of high stress and uncertainty?† Anyone tempted to dismissively argue that the answers to these questions are â€Å"common sense† would do well to recall Will Rogers’

The Peopling of America Questions Essay - 714 Words

The Peopling of America Questions 1. Why do you think the Virginians were incapable of feeding themselves--when the Indians were able to grow corn, the woods were filled with game, and the rivers were covered with geese and filled with fish? I feel that the Virginians were incapable of feeding themselves because they weren’t familiar with the land or how to grow the crops. They also didn’t have a good relationship with the Indians like the people of Plymouth started out having, and if they did the Indians could have showed them how to take care of themselves. 2. Why did these individuals migrate to the New World? To have a fresh start away from England and all of their absurd laws and restrictions on religion. They were tired†¦show more content†¦There was a lot more violence between the colonists and Indians in the Chesapeake than in the Northern colonies. 3. Why might women have had a shorter life expectancy than men? I think women had a shorter life expectancy because their bodies went through more suffering than the men since they had to endure child birth. Child birth could lead to sickness and infections and all sorts of other things that the men wouldn’t be exposed to. ----- 1. How does the growth of the colonial population compare to the growth of the American population today? The growth rate was only at 3.5% back then where as today it must be triple that, or more. Also our population today grows much faster due to medicine for diesaes and such. 2. What were the major contributors to the growth of the colonial population? The declining mortality rate had an impact on the population since more people were surviving. 3. What factors may have contributed to the decline in fertility after 1800? ----- 1. How many slaves were imported into the American colonies and the United States? 459,822 slaves were imported into the colonies and 44,207 to Virginia. 2. Which country imported the greatest number of slaves? British carribean 3. Construct an explanation of why the United States, which imported a relatively small number of slaves from Africa, had by far the largest black population in the New World by l820? Even though they imported a small amountShow MoreRelatedThe Economic Effects of the Slave Trade on Africa, Britain, and America1398 Words   |  6 PagesIn today’s world it is widely know and accepted that money makes the world go round but, unfortunately that is not the question. The question is: what made the world go round in the early 1600’s? Surprisingly, just like the world today money made the world go around back then also. One major difference is that in today’s world machines do all of our dirty work, back then it was all up to the slaves. Finding the perfect slave was a challenge to the colonists. First, there was the indentured servantsRead MoreConsequences Of European Contact On Native Americans1087 Words   |  5 PagesNature. Current evidence significantly agrees w ith the peopling of the Americas through the Bering Strait from an East Asian population. All Native Americans share similar ancestry with an East Asian as well as a West Eurasian population. It is evident that a single source East Asian population contributed to the ancestry of most Native American populations. Evidence supports a minimum of two additional East Asian migrations into the Americas that contributed ancestry to the most northern Native AmericanRead MoreThe And Of The Americas Essay1796 Words   |  8 PagesThe Peopling of the Americas is one of the most highly debated topics for anthropologists due to its significance culturally and scientifically, however many questions about these origin theories remain unsolved and further fuel the debate. In this paper I will hope to accurately summarize the main theories of this concept, and provide in-depth analysis regarding its importance. Although thousands of years have shrouded the Peopling of the Americas in mystery, many archaeologists can agree on severalRead More The Mexican War Essay711 Words   |  3 PagesThe Mexican War   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The factors that started the Mexican War lay heavily on American shoulders. Whether if the factors were created by social, political or economical needs, they have all become the center of attention for the question of being a national interest or disgrace. However, the Americans felt that they existed for â€Å"†¦spreading the blessings of peace.† according to Andrew Jackson. There will always be controversy between the two sides of this matter, the Americans who feel that itRead MoreNative American Population History And Genetics988 Words   |  4 Pages The Americas are the most recently human populated continents on the planet, at around 15,000 years before present. The Asian ancestors of Native Americans crossed over a land bridge, connecting Asia to North America, during the earths last glacial maximum in the late Pleistocene (Dennis et al., 2010). Native American population history and genetics are still very new subjects of research and there is still much debate over questions such as: What routes were taken by the migrating Native AmericanRead MoreThe Legacy Of John Smith1043 Words   |  5 Pagesthe name John Smith is mentioned, people of all ages are familiar with it and could tell a lot about him. Why is this? How is it that a man who lived over 400 years ago still so popular today, more specifically to our children? The answer to that question is because John Smith can be viewed as one of America’s earliest heroes. His leadership was vital to the survival of the Jamestown colony. Most people are familiar with his famous quote, â€Å"he that will not work shall not eat.† He carried all the qualitiesRead MoreNative Americans (Subordinate Group)994 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom. Some theories have been discussed about the peopling of the Americas. Early theories involving lost tribes and continents were based purely on speculation instead of actual scientific facts. Discoveries made during many archeologic al expeditions have helped shape the always changing interpretations by adding more questions and more theories. There have been genetic and linguistic studies which raised more understanding and brought new questions. It is theorized that during the latter part ofRead MoreBenjamin Franklin And The American Revolution1375 Words   |  6 PagesProvide loyalty to country, thyself, or family? These are the important questions Benjamin Franklin, William Franklin and George Hewes asked themselves during the years prior to the American Revolution and influenced their political and personal actions henceforth. The American colonists and British were a politically divided population during the 1770’s. British subjects were separated by their support of three political principles, supporting independence from Britain, the Patriots, remaining withRead MoreNegative and Positive Impact of the Transcontinental Railroad1165 Words   |  5 PagesRailroad On May 10, 1869 as the â€Å"Last Spike† struck by Leland Stanford now connected the Central Pacific and Union Pacific railroads across the United States at Promontory Summit in the Utah Territory. The transcontinental railroads now complete and America is now destined to move to the forefront of the world’s stage. This new railroad system encouraged the growth of American businesses and promoted the development of the nation’s public discourse and intellectual life.1 At the same time, this new railroadRead MorePathfinders: A Global History of Exploration by Felipe Fernandez-Armesto1063 Words   |  5 Pagesthroughout history beginning with the peopling of the earth through the earliest pathfinders and continuing up to the near-present age of globalization. Felipe Fernà ¡ndez-Armesto is an historian and the William P. Reynolds Professor of History at the University of Notre Dame. Fernà ¡ndez-Armesto is a prolific, award-winning author with work published in 27 languages. Many of his books were written for popular audiences including, 1492: The Year the World Began, Our America: A Hispanic History of the United

Dr. Spock Free Essays

When Babies are put on their stomach to sleep, the babies sleep soundly and get startled less. So for parents that haven’t gotten sleep for days they tend to choose to put babies in this position because, finally they get to get some sleep. Parents do this of course taking precaution, buy not smoking keeping baby close by while sleeping and by breastfeeding. We will write a custom essay sample on Dr. Spock or any similar topic only for you Order Now The American Academy of Pediatrics PAP recommends that babies should only be put on their stomachs during what they call â€Å"tummy time† while the child is up, alert and playing. The PAP also recommends to reduce the risk of KIDS parents should â€Å"Use a firm mattress (avoid soft bedding) Not letting your baby sleep in your bed. Breastfeeding your baby, if possible. Protecting your infant from exposure to cigarette, cigar, or pipe smoke. Running a fan in your baby’s room at night to improve air circulation† (â€Å"Sleep†). The PAP only recommends baby to be put on their stomach only if the pediatrician recommends it or if â€Å"Infants with complications of severe spitting up (reflux)† (Children). The other disadvantage to putting baby to sleep on its back is that they can develop â€Å"philologically’ a flattened head. DRP. Spook didn’t recommend it, he said that it was â€Å"more comfortable with colic babies the pressure on the abdomen relieves the gas main, and if they vomit they’re less likely to choke on their vomits† (Spook and Rottener 210). He also opposed it, because â€Å"babies tend to keep the head turned toward the same side, this may flatten that side of the head, this can be helped by putting the baby’s head where the feet were the first time each time you put them to bed† (Spook and Rottener 211). An associate professor of neurosurgery and pediatrics in the New York University Medical Center DRP. Jeffrey H. Wisdom, said â€Å"that since the ‘Back to Sleep’ campaign began, the head condition had become an epidemic. † Wisdom said â€Å"now we see up to a dozen kids a week with asymmetric heads. â€Å"(Breaker). The Back to Sleep campaign which is driven by the PAP has been advocating to put children to sleep since 1992. DRP. Wisdom stated that â€Å"the PAP should do a better Job of telling parents to turn infants 180 degrees in their cribs occasionally and to place them on their stomachs while they are awake, called tummy time†(Breaker). Studies that have been conducted at the Boston Children’s Hospital report, â€Å"that over the past two decades that infants who die suddenly, and without explanation whose death has been attributed to KIDS- have differences in brainstem chemistry that set them apart from infants dying of other causes† (â€Å"Brainstem†). They are stating that when these sleeping babies come upon danger, they are not able to wake themselves up to remove themselves from danger. Researchers say that â€Å"these abnormalities impair brainstem circuits that help control breathing, heart rate, blood pressure and temperature control during sleep, this preventing sleeping babies from rousing when they reprobate too much carbon dioxide due to poor ventilation or become over heated due to over bundling† â€Å"Brainstem†). So with new information found on KIDS, researchers continue to advise parents to take necessary precautions, like not using soft-bedding, using a pacifier, good air ventilation and continue to put babies to sleep on their backs. Also in some circumstances there are still good reasons for putting babies to sleep on tummy due to reflux. The Interiors school approach has been acclaimed as the most developmentally appropriate model currently available. Maria Interiors first woman physician in Italy, began this scientific education for young children with developmental capabilities, she went on to use this for normal children. Experimenting over a period of years, she developed a large series of objects which required gradually increasing amounts of skill and maturity to manipulate, after a child mastered one skill, she was given the object that required the next greater amount of skill†(Spook and Rottener 516). There has been questions about the performance of Interiors students wh en they move on to conventional academic settings. Because there are not many Interiors schools that offer kindergarten to twelfth grade many students have to transfer to public school. This is where the issue begins some students have a hard time adjusting to the new learning environment where some excel and do well. Research done in Milwaukee where they â€Å"tracked 400 students where half the students received public school and the other Interiors before they transitioned to public schools system say that , Students who attended a Interiors school Preschool – Grade 5 and got Interiors education not only outperformed the other students in math and science test scores, but graduated with higher Gaps† (â€Å"Transitioning†). The negative side of this is that when students enter public school â€Å"they may be behind or ahead of their new peers in certain subjects because of the self-guided study they did. Concepts will be taught differently, student will need to adapt to more traditional teaching methods†(â€Å"Transitioning†). On the other hand Interiors students enjoy social, emotional and academic benefits from their education, making them reliable. â€Å"Remember this is a child who has learned how to learn, where to find information on their own if they need it. They are accustomed to research and tackling new subjects† (â€Å"Quarter†). Many researchers along with parents believe that Interiors as a huge impact on children long after the child has left a Interiors school. Interiors schools differ from traditional school in several ways, â€Å"children are grouped in multi-age class room from three to six, six to nine, nine to twelve, twelve to fifteen, and fifteen to eighteen† (Task). The age mix allows older students to be leaders, mentors and help teach lessons, younger kids get to experience working with older classmates. At the same time young students working next to older students get to see what they will be working on in the near future. The teachers work with dent’s one on one or in small groups. They fuel the fire in the child’s interest, â€Å"one teacher noted the children’s hunger for words, and they wrote as many as they knew, and came to me for more, having exhausted their simple vocabulary’ (Task). Interiors allows children to grow in their natural development guiding them as they grow into bigger lessons. After transferring to a traditional school is where the issue begins, â€Å"the goals and objectives follow the school’s vision. â€Å"(Task) In traditional classrooms teachers have an assigned group of students and instruct students from assigned text books. Assessments, test, worksheets are given to students to memorize and there is never a true learning experience. The traditional school has their own vision for learning, going along with the states standardized testing. Leaving the children no time for their own developmental learning to grow, leaving children behind and lost in the learning process. Discipline is an ongoing process. It begins early in a child’s life and changes as they mature, continuing as self-discipline. DRP. Spook says, † that good parents who naturally lean toward strictness should raise their children that way. Moderate triteness-in the sense of requiring good manners, prompt obedience, orderliness- is not harmful to children so long as the parents are basically kind, and so long the children are growing up happy and friendly. But strictness is harmful when parents are overbearing for a child. This kind of severity produces children who are meek and colorless or mean to others. â€Å"(Spook and Rottener 25) The Bible also states â€Å"Fathers, do not be so hard on your children, so their spirit may not be broken† (Bible N. I. V. Colombians 3:21). Expecting reasonable behavior from children means parents need o be kind, loving, moderately strict, flexible and have consistent expectations. If parents learn early on how to be firm and consistent, children will have an easier time getting along with people. Some studies show that parents who fear disciplining, have children who suffer from being â€Å"insecure and develop anxiety and stress when there is lack of consistent guidance. Children who do not learn appropriate boundaries when they are young experience difficulty with self-control later in life† (Brown). A parent’s firmness trains the child to get along reasonable with there people, so when they get out into the world no matter at what age they won’t be in for a surprise when others dislike them for their selfishness and won’t go through life being unpopular. Spook’s advice was not so different from the advice given now from many professionals. Especially, learning how to take care of children was so important for new families. That the schools parents choose was important for their children’s learning development. And most of all how to raise children that are well-disciplined so that they will be self-controlled adults with good relationship skills. How to cite Dr. Spock, Papers

The History Of The University Of Athens

The History Of The University Of Athens-Greece Essay The University of Athens was inaugurated on 3 May 1837 and was housed in the residence of architect Stamatis Cleanthes, on the north east side of the Acropolis. It was the first University not only in the newly-established Greek State but in all the Balkans and the Eastern Mediterranean in general. The Othonian University, as it was called before taking its present name, National and Capodistrian University of Athens, consisted of four Faculties, Theology, Law, Medicine and Arts (which included applied sciences and mathematics) It had 33 professors, 52 students and 75 non-matriculated auditors. New Classes began in a new building which designed by Danish architect Christian Hansen, in November 1841. At the same time as the Main University Building was being erected, work was also in progress on the library, the scientific collections, the laboratories and the annexes essential for the teaching and training of the students. By 1840 fifteen thousand volumes had been donated or purchased for the library. A major change in the stucture of the university came about in 1904, when the Faculty of Arts was split into two separate Faculties : that of Arts and that of Sciences, the latter consisting of the departments of Physics and Mathematics and the School of Pharmacy. In 1919 a department of Chemistry was added, and in 1922 the school of Pharmacy was renamed a Department. We will write a custom essay on The History Of The University Of Athens-Greece specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now A further change came about when the School of Dentistry now Department of was added to the Faculty of Medicine. In this first and heroic period for Greek education, the professors of the University made superhuman efforts to bridge rhe gap between their newly founded institution and equivalent ones in advanced countries with centuries of tradition behind them. In the meantime, the number of students was rising. From 52 in 1837 enrolment reached 3358 in 1866 and calculations inticate that as a proportion of the Greek State the students represented a percentage higher than and sometimes in excess of that in the European states twenty years laterand ten times greater than that of other Balkan states and Russia. Between 1895 and 1911 an average of one thousand new students entered the Faculties each year, a figure which rose to two thousand at the end of World War I. This led to the decision to introduce entrance examinations for all the Faculties, beginning in the academic year 1927-28. Since 1954 the number of students admitted each year has been fixed by the Ministry of Education and Religion, on the proposal of the Faculties. In the 1960s construction work began on the University Campus in the suburb of Zografou. The completed Campus buildings now include those of Arts and Theology, some Departments of the Faculty of Sciences and the Students Hall of Residence.

How to Declare and Initialize Constant Arrays in Delphi

How to Declare and Initialize Constant Arrays in Delphi In Delphi, the versatile web-programming language,  arrays allow a developer to refer to a series of variables by the same name and to use a number- an index- to tell them apart. In most scenarios, you declare an array as a variable, which allows  for array elements to be changed at run-time. However, sometimes you need to declare a constant array- a read-only array. You cannot change the value of a constant or a read-only variable. Therefore, while declaring a constant array, you must also initialize it. Example Declaration of Three Constant Arrays This code example declares and initializes three constant arrays, named Days, CursorMode, and Items. Days is a string array of six elements. Days[1] returns the Mon string.CursorMode is an  array of two elements, whereby declaration CursorMode[false] crHourGlass and CursorMode crSQLWait. cr* constants can be used to change the current screen cursor.Items defines an array of three TShopItem  records. type   Ã‚   TShopItem record   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Name : string;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Price : currency;   Ã‚   end; const   Ã‚   Days : array[0..6] of string   Ã‚   (   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sun, Mon, Tue, Wed,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thu, Fri, Sat   Ã‚   ) ;   Ã‚   CursorMode : array[boolean] of TCursor   Ã‚   (   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   crHourGlass, crSQLWait   Ã‚   ) ;   Ã‚   Items : array[1..3] of TShopItem   Ã‚   (   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Name : Clock; Price : 20.99),   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Name : Pencil; Price : 15.75),   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Name : Board; Price : 42.96)   Ã‚   ) ; Trying to assign a value for an item in a constant array raises the Left side cannot be assigned to compile time error. For example, the following code does not successfully execute: Items[1].Name : Watch; //will not compile

3 Questions About Emphasis

3 Questions About Emphasis 3 Questions About Emphasis 3 Questions About Emphasis By Mark Nichol The following questions from readers, and the responses, pertain to how words are formatted to provide emphasis. 1. When writing business documents such as Standard Operating Procedures or Workflow processes, my understanding has always been that you capitalize titles. An example of that would be â€Å"The Project Coordinator will send the Systems Architect the following information to begin the quoting process.† When you are describing a specific role in a business process, is it OK to capitalize the title? In legal documents, descriptive terms for entities such as Plaintiff or Corporation have traditionally been capitalized to emphasize for the purposes of legal precision that they refer to specific entities and not, for example, any plaintiff or corporation in general. This usage apparently spilled over from the legal department into the rest of the corporate headquarters without question at one time and became entrenched. It is â€Å"OK† to capitalize job titles as you have shown, but there’s no reason to do so, and it has a distracting, cluttering effect. I recommend reserving capitalization for when it provides clarity, as in communicating that a phrase before a person’s name is that person’s official job title, not just a description of or label for his or her role. For that matter, though you may title a document â€Å"Standard Operating Procedures† or â€Å"Workflow,† in your first sentence, you are referring generically to the type of documents you are writing, not to specific documents so titled, so the terms should not be capitalized. 2. In a document in which personality characteristics are used to describe roles in our company, we are using labels like â€Å"The Champion† and â€Å"The Catalyst.† Is the way the labels have been formatted correct? [Editor’s note: The labels were not only capitalized and italicized but also styled in boldface in the reader’s email message.] Several layers of emphasis have been used for these labels, which is redundant. Only one is necessary, and simple capitalization of the key terms is sufficient to indicate that you are naming well-defined roles. The article the should not be capitalized, however. (Nor should quotation marks be used to frame the labels in the actual document.) 3. I think that in the following sentence, infrastructure should be italicized, but my manager disagrees: â€Å"By infrastructure, we mean the company’s policies, internal activities, organization, reporting and systems related to managing risk.† Who’s right? You are. For the same reason that infrastructure is italicized in your opening statement and here in my response- we’re both using the word to refer to the word itself, not to the phenomenon of infrastructure- it should be italicized in the example you gave: The sentence defines not the concept, but the word by which the concept is known. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:15 Terms for Those Who Tell the FuturePeople versus Persons20 Slang Terms for Law Enforcement Personnel

Responsibility as a Core Value Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Responsibility as a Core Value - Essay Example Without responsibility, nothing can be achieved because people will look towards each other for action with no one taking action. The sphere of operation of every manager is defined by the allocation of duties and responsibilities. The duties and responsibility will define what actions the employee can take to solve the issue. Managers are leaders because they are endowed the powers and are given a defined responsibility in the business (Snoeyenbos and Humber). In this case, managers may be tasked with ensuring the welfare of the employee is enacted. The movie the smartest guy in the room highlights the necessity of taking responsibility in business and even politically. Responsibility in the film Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room The movie presents challenges faced in the organization if responsibility for the actions is not addressed effectively. The crucial issue depicted in the movie is scandals resulting from the loss of ethics and the power of greed. Despite the existence of fraud, the founder of the company tries to hide the problem by creating a different image. For workers, the company deals with them discriminatory by firing the bottom 15% performers. The strategy is used to increase competitiveness and taking of responsibility for individual performance. The level of competitiveness in the employees is improved by the strategy. However, the strategy does not factor in the role of the managers on the failure in employee performance. Judging by the action of the managers, it is evident that the employees are not accorded the support they require. In addition, the managers are bent on accumulating wealth. The lack of financial and political responsibility makes the whole process difficult and cumbersome for the shareholders. Lou Pai the CEO of the company resigns after stealing about $250 Million despite the department managed by him registering a loss of $1 billion. How can a company division be in losses while the manager of the division accrues a lot of wealth? The issue is straightforward; he does not have any responsibility for the failure of the division. Without responsibility, it is possible for the manager to steal from the company and not be charged. The case also is evident in the spending of the company finances, in gambling. Despite the firing of some individuals, they were not allowed to bear the financial responsibility. The use of public relations to hide the failures of the organization makes the situation complex (Snoeyenbos and Humber 56). Responsibility as a value and The Madoff Affair movie The movie is about Bernie Madoff and the investigation of Martin smith. Madoff is under investigation as the chief perpetrator of a massive financial fraud. Madoff is blamed for stealing $65 billion from investors. Compared to the Enron movie, this moves show the need for holding Madoff for the financial scandal that he instituted. The sentencing of Madoff to a prison term of 150 years marks the climax of the whole proce ss. The Ponzi scheme he operated defrauded investors of over $65 billion. C the sentencing of Madoff is a product of enforcing the responsibility value in the society. The effect of the fraud had a ripple effect in the economy. The success of the whole investigation dependent on the investigation