The Bildungsroman in Victorian Novels Essay Example for Free

The Bildungsroman in Victorian Novels Essay The Bildungsroman Genre. The narrative mode Dickens has adopted aligns his novel with the Bildungsroman  genre of literature. The term  Bildungsroman  is a German word meaning novel of formation or education novel. A  Bildungsroman  novel frequently puts an emphasis on the moral and psychological development of its protagonist. Morality is an important theme in  Great Expectations, one of the episodes of  Great Expectations  which illustrates the conventions of the  Bildungsroman form is the storys opening which immediately establishes the protagonists orphaned status with the young Pip contemplating the graves of his dead parents. The figure of the orphan illustrates Dickenss innovative engagement with the  Bildungsroman  genre, as Pip could be viewed as a blank slate, or tabula rasa, in that his mind isnt informed by any external psychological influence from his parents. Instead his shrewish older sister and her husband, the kindly and unassuming blacksmith Joe Gargery, are raising him. Initially Pip is content with his humble surroundings, although his class-consciousness receives a rude awakening on his first visit to Satis House. Here he encounters Miss Havisham and her ward Estella, the latter of whom takes delight in continually reminding the protagonist of his lowly status. When Estella remarks on Pips coarse hands and thick boots, and his habit of calling knaves Jacks when they are playing cards together, she is expressing her contempt of his background. Even though Pip is hurt by her taunts, he still becomes infatuated with Estella, and it is this attraction which triggers his own animosity towards his origins. Sometime after Pip has come of age and has been working in the forge with Joe, the lawyer Jaggers informs him of an anonymous benefactor who wishes to make the protagonist a gentleman. Incorrectly Pip assumes this benefactor to be Miss Havisham, and starts to entertain the belief that the old spinster intends him for Estella. This episode heralds a great advance in the protagonists own snobbery and delusion, as he sets off for London, putting his origins in the Kent marshlands behind him. While Pip is enjoying the leisurely life of a gentleman in the capital, he receives a letter from his old acquaintance Biddy, stating that Joe has come up to London and would like to visit him. Pips disdain for the blacksmith is revealed in his reservations concerning such a prospect: If I could have kept him away by paying money, I certainly would have paid money . When the protagonist returns to his hometown for his sisters funeral, his snobbery is further evinced on his insistence at staying in the Blue Boar inn in town, as opposed to the forge with Joe. His actions are evidence of the  Bildungsroman  narratives preoccupation with moral and psychological development. Pips final exchange of wealth and status for friendship and humility indicate how he has matured as a protagonist. On the other hand, the novel by Thomas Hardy, Tess of the D’urbervilles, has not made any case for the novel’s being a Bildungsroman. Tess has been called a â€Å"fundamentally changeless† ballad heroine; her story has been referred to as â€Å"mythological† a â€Å"personification of rural Wessex† a representation of the agricultural community in its moment of ruin†. However, categorising and allegorizing Tess’s story, it is possible to lose sight of the novel’s unrelenting focus on Tess the individual as she attempts to make something of her life. Holding that the novel â€Å"develops a single theme, the life-history of one person, and sends this uninterrupted forward†. Thomas Hardy, in his time plan for the novel, graphically stressed the centrality of Tess’s experience as he carefully noted the dates of the novel’s events in relation to Tess’s age. What Tess attempts to do during the brief portion of her life dramatized by Hardy makes her story one of coming of age, in other words, the novel ought to be viewed as a Bildungsroman.

Susan DElia Speech 214: The Rhetoric of Reggae Music Spring 2002 :: essays papers

Susan D'Elia Speech 214: The Rhetoric of Reggae Music Spring 2002 Women’s Fashion in Jamaican Dancehalls â€Å"A woman has to use what she’s got to get just what she want.† -- James Brown Actress Audrey Reid does just that as the character Marcia in the Jamaican film â€Å"Dancehall Queen.† Reid plays a street vendor and single mother of two daughters struggling to give her family a better life. Poverty stricken, Marcia is forced to rely on her sugar daddy â€Å"Larry,† to feed her family and put her daughters through school. Unfortunately the price to pay is her fifteen-year-old daughter’s virginity. Appalled at how low they must stoop just to get by, Marcia decides to transform herself into a seductive dancehall girl in hopes of finding an alternative way to provide for her family. The new Marcia makes quite an impression on the men of the Kingston nightclub. When she is disguised in her dancehall costume Larry falls in love with her and showers her with expensive gifts. She is also invited to compete in a profitable dance-off against the reigning Dancehall Queen. The film ends with Marcia’s triumph, and she is awarded a large sum of money. Although this film is a highly romanticized story of a single mother rising to the title of â€Å"Dancehall Queen,† it gives an accurate portrait of the atmosphere of a Jamaican dancehall, as well as capturing the independent, strong spirit of Jamaican women. â€Å"Too many young girls in Jamaica feel trapped by dirty old men who convince them that life offers no alternatives but a future in bed with them,† explains the film’s writer and editor Suzanne Fenn. â€Å"The sub-plot in â€Å"Dancehall Queen† might be unpalatable but it’s based on a prevalent reality.† Although the film has endured some criticism, the film’s after-after party at Kingston’s Club Mirage proved that Dancehall Queen isn’t â€Å"the invention of a perverted production team in search of celluloid satisfaction. Real-life dancehall queens stroked their crotches, winded their hips and rubbed their well-oiled buttocks† (St. Hill). â€Å"Although the dancehall scene is a male dominated one, it is the female, like a queen, who reigns supreme† (www.ppreggae.com) Covering reggae history, respectively, â€Å"Reggae Songbirds† and â€Å"Dancehall Queens† offer a fairly comprehensive overview of the contributions of women in reggae. The dancehall has become a form of a message center for Jamaican people, no matter where they are within the social structure of the island.

Middle Class Women in 19th Century American Society Essay

Women were always faced specifically in history by men until they became equal to them. In the story â€Å"The yellow wallpaper† the author Charlotte Perkins Gilman says some things about the way women were treated by men back then in the 19th century. Women’s roles and place in the 19th century American society are very humiliating, rational for this society and weird. Women back then were treated as â€Å"something† not as â€Å"someone† that is to say useless beings, that do not have brains. The yellow wallpaper symbolizes something that impacts her instantly. Through the yellow wallpaper we can see that the woman is soiled and ripped just like the dirty yellow wallpaper â€Å"It is the strangest yellow, that wall-paper! It makes me think of all the yellow things I ever saw – not beautiful ones like buttercups, but old foul, bad yellow things† (Charlotte Perkins Gilman, part 6, page 11). Moreover Gilman uses the woman who is affected by the yellow wallpaper to show that women in that time were trapped an inner world, which was the main reason for their insanity â€Å"I didn’t realize for a long time what the thing was that showed behind, that dim sub-pattern, but I now I am quite sure it is a woman.† (Charlotte Perkins Gilman, part 6, page 10). The yellow wallpaper also shows that were oppressed by their husband so much that in order to escape from this reality, they devised situations and things that later would make them worse â€Å"At nigh t in any kind of light, in twilight, candle light, lamplight, and worst of all by moonlight, it becomes bars! The outside pattern I mean, and the woman behind it is as plain as can be† (ibid). There are three themes in the story â€Å"The yellow wallpaper†. The first theme is the subordination of women in marriage. From this theme the author is trying to show to the reader the way women were treated back then. Women were treated and seen from men as brainless children that needed supervision and special care â€Å"He is very careful and loving, and hardly lets me stir without special direction. I have a schedule prescription for each hour in the day† (Charlotte Perkins Gilman, part 1, page 2). Moreover Gilman uses the conventional marriage in the 19th century to ensure that women remained second-class citizens. â€Å"John laughs at me, of course, but one expects that in marriage† (Charlotte Perkins Gilman, part 1, page 1). Furthermore men kept women in a childish state of ignorance and didn’t let them fully develop â€Å"I have a schedule prescription for each hour in the day†(Charlotte Perkins Gilman, part 1, page 2) and â€Å"There comes John, and I must put this away, — he hates to have me write a word† (Charlotte Perkins Gilman, part 1, page 3). Finally men assumed that because of their superior wisdom and maturity, which led to misjudgment, patronization and domination of their women, they were the right people that could help their ‘sick’ wives â€Å"John does not know how much I really suffer. He knows there is no reason to suffer, and that satisfies him† (Charlotte Perkins Gilman, part 2, page 3) and â€Å" But John says if I feel so, I shall neglect proper self-control; so I take pains to control myself – before him, at least, and that makes me very tired† (Charlotte Perkins Gilman, part 1, page 2). The second theme that the author Charlotte Perkins Gilman uses to show the position of women in 19th century American society is the importance of self-expression. The mental restrictions upon the women are the reason for driving them insane â€Å"There comes John, and I must put this away, — he hates to have me write a word â€Å" (Charlotte Perkins Gilman, part 1, page 3) and â€Å"So I take phosphates or phospites – whichever it is, and tonics, and journeys, and air, and exercise, and am absolutely forbidden to â€Å"work† until I am well again† (Charlotte Perkins Gilman, part 1, page 1). Middle class women most of the times are forced to hide their fears and anxieties and try to maintain the faà §ade of a successful marriage in order to feel that they are winning the fight against depression â€Å"He is very careful and loving, and hardly lets me stir without special direction† (Charlotte Perkins Gilman, part 1, page 2) and â€Å"No wonder t he children hated it! I should hate it myself if I had to live in this room long. There comes John, and I must put this away, — he hates to have me write a word† (Charlotte Perkins Gilman, part 1, page 3). What is more is that men are forcing women to become totally passive by forbidding them to exercise their mind â€Å"So I take phosphates or phospites – whichever it is, and tonics, and journeys, and air, and exercise, and am absolutely forbidden to â€Å"work† until I am well again† (Charlotte Perkins Gilman, part 1, page 1). As a Gilman says â€Å"a mind that is kept in a state of forced inactivity is doomed to self-destruction†. The third theme that the author Charlotte Perkins Gilman uses in order to show the role of women in the 19th century American society is the evils of the â€Å"resting cure†. Gilman wanted to illustrate through the story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† the way a mind, which is already poisoned with anxiety and fear can deteriorate when it is forced into inactivity and it is kept from healthy work. Mitchell took seriously Gilman’s criticism and stopped the â€Å"resting cure†. Gilman criticizes any form of medical treatment that is done to the patient by ignoring his concerns, considering also herself as a passive object of treatment â€Å"So I take phosphates or phospites – whichever it is, and tonics, and journeys, and air, and exercise, and am absolutely forbidden to â€Å"work† until I am well again† (Charlotte Perkins Gilman, part 1, page 1) and â€Å"John says I mustn’t lose my strength, and has me take cod liver oil and lots of tonics and things, to say nothing of ale and wine and rare meat† (Charlotte Perkins Gilman, part 3, page 7). Women in the 19th century American society often remain silent when the man talks â€Å"Better in body perhaps – â€Å"I began, and stopped short, for he sat up straight and looked at me with such a stern, reproachful look that I could not say another word† (Charlotte Perkins Gilman, part 3, page 9). Finally men mostly infantilize women, because they think women are children and brainless â€Å"Then he took me in his arms and called me a blessed little goose† (Charlotte Perkins Gilman, part 2, page 3). All in all women are seen by men as children that don’t have a brain and need help and supervision from a smart person (man). Women’s role in 19th century American society is not the same with men, who are the ones that control and hear to whatever men say. Men used their smartness in order to help â€Å"sick† women overcome their sickness, but this led to the misjudgment, patronization and domination of women. Finally women weren’t let to write nor read anything that looked like a book, in order to not smart and educated and get away from the control of men.

The Mount Pinatubo Case Study

case study mount pinatubo THE MOUNT PINATUBO ERUPTION 1991 the mount pinatubo eruption was the second largest eruption of this century and by far the largest eruption affecting a densely populated area. the eruption occurred at mount pinatubo in the philippines on june 15 1991. in march and april 1991 magma rising towards the surface from more than 30 km below pinatubo started making small earthquakes and caused small powerful steam explosion that opened three craters on the north flank of the volcano. thousands of small earthquakes occurred   and many tons of gas were also emitted by the volcano. rom june 7 to june 12 the magma reached the surface of mount pinatunbo. because of the gas pressure the magma erupted out with an amazing strength but did not cause an explosive eruption because it just formed a lava dome. on june 12 tons of gas charged magma reached the top of the volcano and erupted with the very first proper eruption. when even more magma reached the top the volcano er upted in a cataclysmic eruption on june 15. the eruption ejected more than 5 cubic kilometers of material. the ash cloud reached the height of 35 km in the sky. blanket of ash covered all the land around pinatubo. fine ash flew thousands of kilometers away reaching also the inidian ocean. massive avalanches of hot ash rolled down the sides of pinatubo. the eruption removed so much material from the volcano that the volcano collapsed and from a clad era of 2. 5 km. many hazards occurred with the volcano. the eruption produced high speed avalanches of hot gas and ash ( pyroclastic flows) giant mudflows (lahars) and a cloud of volcanic ash covering hundred of miles across. early 20 millions tons of sulfur dioxide were blown in the air and were dispersed around the world causing an increase   in temperature of around 0. 5 degrees. Mt ST HELENS ERUPTION mt st helens is a strata volcano located in the state of washinghton, US the eruption caused many hazards and many impacts on people e nvirmoent and economy. the earthquake on may 18 lead to a series of events:a 5. 1 earthquake was caused by the massive eruption the bulge of the volcano slid away, resulting in a huge avalanche of rock and mud that filled 24 squares miles of a valley. he eruption real eased a massive cloud of ash and pumice. the effect of the eruption also included: the volcano was reduced of 1300 feet, ash fell miles away from the eruption, the eruption lasted over 9 hours,. around 60 people lost their lives . over 250 square miles of land were destroyed by all the eruption hazards. countless animals were killed. as in all the volcanoes the first signs of eruption were given by an increase in small earthquakes near the volcano area. this showed that the pressure inside the volcano chamber was increasing. oon lines of weakness were created by the earthquakes on the top of the mountain. earthquakes were many especially under the north flank of the volcano. in fact the first eruption was from the summ it rather than from the flank. on the 27th of march this small eruption kept going. the volcano was mainly gas and ash and a small cloud of material was sent up over the cone. this stage was a Vulcanian type of eruption. but because the size of the eruption was small the ash fell down on the ground close to the summit and the main effect was simply to blacken the snow fields. he cause of these small eruptions was probably water from ice fields ending in the hot rock below and transforming suddenly into steam, throwing materials around. as the days went by a large bulge started forming across the north flank , about 2km across, separate from the central vent. it showed that the material blocking the central vent was stuck fast and that the magma was seeking a way out through the north flank. the earthquakes had weakened all the north flank more than any other part of the cone. on may 18 at 8 a. m the entire north flank of the volcano dropped down in a massive landslide of 2 cubic kil ometers of rock. ow with nothing to hold in place the magma and the gas , the gas rich magma exploded in a gigantic eruption. in fact the landslide was shattered in many parts by the explosion so that a mixture of rock fragments and gas was formed. this type of eruption was now a pelean type, and the pyroclastic flows were able to flow 250 kmh. part of this pyroclastic flow went near by spirit lake throwing out the water entirely from the lake. the blast demolished the huge dorset that lay on the north side of the volcano, leveling everything over an area of 550 square kilometers. lose to the volcano the blast of the explosion was so strong that trees were simply blown away. in total some 10 millions trees were destroyed. ash was deposited miles away and the town of yakima was covered in ash. in the following days of the eruption very sticky laval began to flow into the new crater, building up a lava dome on the crater floor. all the snow and glaciers on the mountains were turned in to steam and they were now coming back on the ground as torrential rainfall. the rain swept most of the ash in the nearby rivers , causing flooding and at the same time silting them up.

Biography of Musical Inventor Joseph H Dickinson

Biography of Musical Inventor Joseph H Dickinson Joseph Hunter Dickinson contributed several improvements to different musical instruments. Hes particularly known for improvements to player pianos that provided better actuation (the loudness or softness of the key strikes) and could play the sheet music from any point in the song. In addition to his accomplishments as an inventor, he was elected to the Michigan legislature, serving from from 1897 to 1900. The Life of Joseph H. Dickinson Sources say Joseph H. Dickinson was born in Chatham, Ontario, Canada on June 22, 1855, to Samuel and Jane Dickinson. His parents were from the United States and they returned to settle in Detroit in 1856 with the infant Joseph. He went to school in Detroit. By 1870, he had enlisted in the United States Revenue Service and served on the revenue cutter Fessenden for two years. He was hired at age 17 by the Clough Warren Organ Company, where he was employed for 10 years. This company was one of the largest organ makers in the world at that time and  made over 5,000 ornate inlaid-wood organs per year from 1873 to 1916. Some of their organs were purchased by Queen Victoria of England and other royalty. Their Vocalion instrument was a leading church organ for many years. They also began to manufacture pianos under the brand names of Warren, Wayne, and Marville. The company later switched to manufacturing phonographs. During his first stint  at the company, one of the large combination organs Dickinson designed for Clough Warren won a prize at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. Dickinson married Eva Gould of Lexington. He later formed the Dickinson Gould Organ Company with this father-in-law. As part of an exhibit on the accomplishments of black Americans, they sent an organ to the New Orleans Exposition of 1884. After four years, he sold his interest to his father-in-law and went back to the Clough Warren Organ Company. During his second stint with Clough Warren, Dickinson filed his numerous patents. These included improvements for reed organs and volume-controlling mechanisms. He was not the first inventor of the player piano, but he did patent an improvement that allowed the piano to start playing at any position on the music roll. His roller mechanism also allowed the piano to play its music in forward or reverse. Additionally, he is regarded as the main contributing inventor of the Duo-Art reproducing piano. He later served as superintendent of the Aeolian Companys experimental department in Garwood, New Jersey. This company was also one of the largest piano manufacturers of its time. He received over a dozen patents during these years, as player pianos were popular. Later, he continued to innovate with phonographs. He was elected to the Michigan House of Representatives as a Republican candidate in 1897, representing the first district of Wayne County (Detroit). He was re-elected in 1899. Joseph H. Dickinsons Patents #624,192, 5/2/1899, Reed Organ#915,942, 3/23/1909, Volume-controlling means for mechanical musical instruments#926,178, 6/29/1909, Volume-controlling means for mechanical musical instruments#1,028,996, 6/11/1912, Player-piano#1,252,411, 1/8/1918, Phonograph#1,295,802. 6/23.1916 Rewind device for phonographs#1,405,572, 3/20/1917 Motor drive for phonographs#1,444,832 11/5/1918 Automatic musical instrument#1,446,886 12/16/1919 Sound box for sound-reproducing machines#1,448733 3/20/1923 Multiple-record-magazine phonograph#1,502,618 6/8/1920 Player piano and the like#1,547,645 4/20/1921 Automatic musical instrument#1.732,879 12/22/1922 Automatic piano#1,808,808 10/15/1928 Music roll magazine

Why having a 4 year Business Degree is important in Running a business Essay

Why having a 4 year Business Degree is important in Running a business - Essay Example Companies are starting to make out that states halfway in the region of the world are feasible and frequently untapped consumer bases. Businesses are employing the internet and additional technologies to attract their consumers and frequently expand their neighborhood processes into worldwide ones (Pollard et al, 2004). Specialized administration, management and guidance capabilities are desirable to guide corporations and businesses that carry out business on a worldwide scale. Worldwide business managers have need of powerful communication knowledge (frequently they have to be bi- or multilingual), an indebted of the global financial system, that would be recognizable by computer and infrastructure technology, recognize the dissimilarity among societies that would able to be a stumbling mass for building global businesses. Mostly managers of worldwide businesses hold a 4 Year business degree or equivalents master of business administration degree by means of a focus on global trade or business (Stewart et al, 2001). A four year business degree offers an extensive experience to all the vital elements that create an organization task well. It does not offer the specialization that additional targeted degrees get done (such as accounting or finance), however is helpful in its generalist approach of providing knowledge. We obtain an indication of a lot of functions in the business world and foundation our studies on how these tasks work together (Pollard et al, 2004). Some business degrees engage working by statistics and arithmetical analysis, so we should be calm with math. We should as well have the potential to see the huge picture when it approaches to organizational arrangement, taking into deliberation the features of the group, bearing in mind the unprocessed resources or uneven data, and developing strategy to progress projects ahead.

Business Scenarios Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business Scenarios - Essay Example Moreover, it appears that he is in school just to pass time. One strategy to assist in seeking a solution to the predicament is informing the teacher because he or she may understand why the student lacks interest in education. Apparently, family issues can be the reason behind the student’s lack of interest in education. Since students are afraid to share their problems with their fellow students, the teacher will be of substantial help because students feel free to share their problems with teachers as opposed to their fellow students. Another strategy that may work is trying to inquire from the student the reasons for showing minimal commitment to work. By doing so, a student may reveal his problems and the students can devise a way of assisting the student in eliminating his problem. However, the best solution to curb the problem is referring the student to the school’s counselor. As stated earlier, family issues may be the reason why the student fails to value education. The counselor would be of immense help because they can interact with the student and know the problem. Moreover, they can advise the student on appropriate ways to eliminate the problem at