Debating Same-Sex Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Debating Same-Sex Marriage - Essay Example In this essay, the researcher shall portray the reasons as to why individuals would be for or against same-sex marriages before he gives a brief statement on what the society should opt for. Many arguments have been shot to support same-sex marriages that include homosexuals and lesbianism. Arguments have hit debates that since there is no evidence that same-sex parents are not poorer than heterosexual parents and that different individuals make more stable couples and that they do not have any impact on parenting abilities, they, therefore, are relatively better than heterosexual couples. Others have argued that same-sex marriages are unrelated to polygamous relationships which make it considerably a better way to escape cheating and unfaithful couples in marriage. Opponents to same-sex marriages have stated that marriage is traditionally meant to be a union of one man and one woman, homosexual and lesbianism unions can be classed with polygamy as it goes against the definition. Rel igious opponents have stipulated that God created the marriage institution for the purpose of procreation. Same-sex married couples cannot reproduce. This argument is based on the concept that God exists. However, giving this a second thought the ability of same-sex couples to reproduce is not entirely a problem because we have encountered heterosexual couples that are not able to reproduce and are comfortable with it. The society should, therefore, provide gay couples with similar legal and social identities allow them to access the advice of law and equal judgments upon it so as to avoid infringing upon rights of others. Gay marriages should be allowed to enjoy the same privileges’ enjoyed by the majority because only minorities differ from the rest due to the fact that these individuals are computed in terms of feelings and relationship.

How has your understanding of ethnocentrism shaped your understanding Essay

How has your understanding of ethnocentrism shaped your understanding of the field of Sociology - Essay Example The concept of ethnocentrism arises from the deepest thoughts and understanding of people belonging to one culture about the culture of other people. The distinct ideas, living standards, traditions, moral values and norms of other cultures seem unacceptable and inferior to them. The basic reason of this irrational judgment about other’s culture lies in the fact that people tend to measure and observe cultures from their preset standards of their own. They tend to measure and evaluate every customer and practice of other cultures from their own perspectives about the issues as they learned from their own culture. Hence, observing other’s from the viewpoint of one’s own cultural perspective may define the concept of ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism does not let a person view things and the world around them form other’s point of view. It, hence, acts as a hurdle in the way of understanding others. In today’s globalized environment, ethnocentrism may pose a threat to the peace and collaborative struggles of people working, living or studying together. Ethnocentric approach provides a one-sided view of everything and hence, the judgments made using this approach are narrow-minded and have limited scope.

Fragrance Advertising and Brand Study

Fragrance Advertising and Brand Study INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT What is Brand? â€Å"Brand is the personality that identifies a product, service or company (name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or combination of them) and how it relates to customers.† Brand is a name or symbol that is commonly known to identify a company or its products and separate them from the competition. A well-known brand is generally regarded as one that people will recognise, often even if they do not know about the company or its products/services. These are usually the businesses name or the name of a product, although it can also include the name of a feature or style of a product. Brand Positioning In marketing, positioning has come to mean the process by which marketers try to create an image or identity in the minds of their target market for its product, brand, or organization. Also positioning is defined as the way by which the marketer creates impression in the customers mind. The task of the marketer is to mould consumer perceptions so as to occupy the desired position for his brand. Perceptions or brand positions can be changed even if the product is the same; this is known as repositioning of a brand. Positioning has four components. The first component is the product class or the product category in which the brand is to operate. The second is the consumer segmentation. It is impossible to think of a position for a brand without, at the same time, considering the segment for which offers benefits that other brands do not. The third is the mapping of the brand in the consumer mind. Brand benefits and attributes make up the fourth component of positioning. A consumer can allot a position in her mind only to a brand whose benefits are meaningful to her. The search for vacant positions in the market must be conducted with reference to the product benefits and the preferred importance of such benefits. The position that we seek in a consumers mind is based upon the knowledge of the consumers perception of the product category. What is the imprint of the various brand in the Definition from Wikipedia The position that we seek in a consumers mind is based upon the knowledge of the consumers perception of the product category. What is the imprint of the various brand in the consumers mind? Is there a vacant position? The answers lead us to a product concept and the emotional or psychological values which it must offer. The position which a brand seeks in the target customers mind is influenced by its functional features or attributes. The attribute must be such as to make the position credible. The position of the brand is also influenced by its non- functional features comprising functional as well as emotional or psychological values. Positioning is the pursuit of differential advantage. One of the major contribution of positioning theory to marketing strategy has been to bring out the concept of dissimilarity between the brands in the minds of target consumers and to uncover the many opportunities for such perceived differentiation based upon the capabilities of the product. Who am I? What am I? For whom am I? Why me? The answers to these would determine the brands position in the mind of the consumers. Except for the most basic necessities, consumers buy product both for their functional benefits and their symbolic meanings. Consumers prefer to buy those products and brands that match best with their image of themselves. Brands can be, and are likened to people; they acquire human characteristics. This is known as brand personality. It refers to the symbolic and emotional characteristics of a brand. Positioning is something (perception) that happens in the minds of the target market. It is the aggregate perception the market has of a particular company, product or service in relation to their perceptions of the competitors in the same category. It will happen whether or not a companys management is proactive, reactive or passive about the on-going process of evolving a position. But a company can positively influence the perceptions through enlightened strategic actions. COMPANY PROFILE McNroe Consumer Products Pvt Ltd 14,Netaji Subhas Road. Kolkata Phone- +91 33 22102095 Website-www.mcnroe.com Vision To become the most admirable grooming and lifestyle brand in India. The booming young adult population with high disposable income is more conscious of the latest trends than ever before. Keeping pace with changing times, the company is sharply focused to create and offer great products to the Indian Youth. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND The company was originated in the year 1986 as McNROE Chemicals. Promoted by Mr. N.K Daga. He is currently a Director in the company. McNROE Chemicals was incorporated as McNROE Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. On 26th July 1996. In September, 2009 the name of the Company changed as â€Å"McNROE Consumer Products Pvt. Ltd. with a view to reflect the aspiration to be a personal care Company. The company operates on a sound understanding of fragrance and its relevance to customers. The business of the Company grew in size and stature and in first 10 years of its business successfully expanded the area of distribution of its products to the states of Eastern North East India and North Central India. PRESENT STATUS Presently the company is a 140 crore company. The companys distribution network spans across Dealers, sales agents, CF agents and Super Stockist. Company brands are distributed across the country through a team of 1200 distributors covering 380000 Retail outlets. The Company has its manufacturing units in the state of Uttaranchal. The company is currently building capability to enter and serve Modern Trade Outlets. The marketing strategy of the company has been consulted by the Future Brands. MAJOR BRANDS HEAVENS GARDEN Products- Talcum Powder, Skin Care (Anti septic Cream, cold cream, moisturizing lotion) SECRET TEMPTATION (Female Range) Products- Talcum powder, perfumeries (perfumes deodorants) WILD STONE (Male Range) Products- Talcum Powders, perfumeries (perfumes deodorants), Skin care products (Shaving cream, After shave lotion, Shaving brush, Soap) Premium range of cosmetics is marketed under the brand name SECRET TEMPTATION and WILDSTONE for female and male range respectively. Mass family segment is marketed under the brand name HEAVENS GARDEN. The range of products of company include talcum powder, cold cream, anti septic cream, deodorant, spray perfume, moisturizing lotion, After Shave Lotion, Soap. INTRODUCTION TO THE BRAND WILD STONE Living life on the edge can be intensely pleasurable. Wild Stone is for the man who enjoys unshackled pleasure Wild Stone is a quintessentially male brand, providing personal care products for young Indian males. Rough and rugged, it does away with the controlled norms of social interaction, taking contact between men and women to an elemental, instinctual level. Wild Stone bases its products on the changing needs of Indias youth. Wild Stone answers the need for fragrance on the go, with its Deodorants and Perfumes. The strong fragrances are ideally suited for Indian weather conditions. Soaps and shaving products complete a mans personal care ritual. With a wide range of fine fragrances, Wild Stone offers an international experience to its users. The brand was started in the year 2005, targeting the middle class working people. Their products are targeted at the uber-masculine male â€Å"who loves living life on the edge†. Wild Stone markets itself as the masculine and mysterious brand in the Indian market. The brand is targeted at male aged 22-28. All its campaigns revolve around this central theme of seduction where girls make the first move. The feeling of being seduced gives a big boost of self confidence to a man. Along with these, the brand also ensures that customers are constantly engaged with new fragrances and campaigns. The company started the brand with a tagline â€Å"Wild by nature†. They moved on to the â€Å"Barely Legal† tagline which was more subtle and had sexual Undertones. Now the brand has again a new Tagline â€Å"It happens†. The new tagline gives a message that Wild Stone man doesnt have to Try Too Hard†. Brand anchor is â€Å"Dangerous Liaisons† and the brand destination is to become â€Å"The iconic Indian Male Fantasy brand that owns the space of Indian sensuality†. Wild Stone has grown rapidly over the last two years, to emerge as the number three brand in the fastest growing FMCG category today. It is the top brand in several states, has achieved universal awareness. With a clearly differentiated position, and strong growth across categories, Wild Stone is set for success. Wild Stone has become one amongst the top three brands in the Indian deodorant market within few years of its launch. Wild Stone deodorant has a national market share of 7.4%. PRODUCTS Deodorants TalcShaving cream Soap Aftershave Lotion DEODORANTS Night Rider Green, aromatic,floral, woody, musky Wild Stone Wild Stone Aqua Fresh Citrus, spicy, floral, ambery, woody, musky Aqua freshness with citrus and amber. Wild Stone Raw Passion Aromatic, green, citrus, slightly fruity, ambery, woody, musky Sparkling, energetic irresistibly masculine. Wild Stone Ultra Sensual Aromatic, lavender, rosemary, spicy fresh, woody, musky The classic fragrance of the Wild Stone man. Wild Stone Hydra Energy Citrus, fresh, lavender, spicy, aromatic, green,woody, ambery, musky Refreshing fragrance, perfect to begin your day. Wild Stone Forest Spice Green citrus, lavender, aromatic, spicy, woody, powdery, musky Adventurous to the core. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY To study the deodorants industry in India To study the companys desired consumer perception of its brand WILDSTONE To make an in depth study and analysis of the actual brand perception of the consumers To locate gaps, if any, between the desired and actual brand perception Recommend strategies, based on my project study results, to plug such gaps. Research design and methodology Sources of data collection The study is a cross sectional study. Data was collected at a single point of time. For the purpose of present study a related sample of population were chosen for the sake of convenience. Primary data: It is the data collected afresh or for the first time OR It is data which is collected by the researcher directly from the respondents. There are various methods of data collection. The ones I have used are:- Observation : Data is collected based on observation done in the market Interview method:. Collected some information by informal interviews by the target consumers at different places to formulate the correct questionnaire. Questions related to the survey were asked on one to one basis Questionnaire: Designing the questionnaire Ø Multiple choice questions Ø Scaling Ø Subjective Method of sampling It refers to the method to be applied and the technique to be used in selecting the sample. Random sampling A sampling process where each element in the target population has a equal chance or probability of inclusion in the sample. Judgmental Sampling The selection of a unit, from the population based on the judgment. Judgment sampling involves the choice of subjects who are most advantageously placed or in the best position to provide the information required. They could reasonably be expected to have expert knowledge by virtue of having gone through the experience and processes themselves and might perhaps be able to provide good data or information to the researcher. Sample size A sample is a part of the total population .It can be an individual or a group of elements selected from the population. Although it is a subset it is representative of the population. The Sample size is 120. Questionnaire The questionnaire format was made in accordance to the research objective. However the questionnaire was modified as the survey progressed for the purpose of seeking more authentic information to enhance post survey analysis The questionnaire format is available in the annexure Research methodology It is a set of systematic techniques used by scientific researchers. During execution, the framework should always indicate the purpose of what one is doing at that moment The research methodology used is Descriptive Analysis study: Descriptive research (or statistical research)  § This research describes data and characteristics about the population or phenomenon being studied. Descriptive research answers the questions who, what, when, where and how  § Although the data description is factual, accurate and systematic, the research cannot describe what caused the situation.  § The description is used for frequencies, averages and other statistical calculations.  § Qualitative research often has the aim of description and researchers may follow it up with examinations of why the observations exist and what the implications of the findings are. In brief, descriptive research deals with everything that can be counted and studied. However there are always restrictions to that. Our research must have an impact to the lives of people around us. Similarly the results of this project will be beneficial to both the company and the consumers since the company will use these key findings about the consumers brand and consumption perception to design its marketing and other strategical concepts to position the brand in the consumers mind. ANALYSIS OF THE STUDY As mentioned the project is relating to mapping the consumer perception about the brand WILDSTONE. Evaluating the different framework available for conducting the survey. Then shorlisting the appropriate framework. For this project KAPFERERs BRAND IDENTITY PRISM have been considered for the survey. Brand Identity Prism Kapferer has developed a brand identity prism where he distinguishes a sender and recipient side, plus an externalisation and internalisation side. The 6 identity facets express the tangible and intangible characteristics of the brand and give it a unique authority and legitimacy of values and benefits. The six facets of the identity prism can be described as- Physique -Physique is both the brands backbone and its tangible added value. It is the basis of the brand. An exterior tangible facet communicating physical specificities, colour, form and brand qualities. Personality- An internal intangible facet which forms the character, soul and brand personality which are relevant for brands. Culture- An internal intangible facet to integrate the brand into the organization which is essential in differentiating brands. It symbolises the organization and the value it stands for. Here culture means the set of values feeding the brands inspiration. Relationship- It is the handshake between the consumer and the organization. Reflection It is the consumers perception about the product. Self image-If reflection is a targets outward mirror, self image is the targets own internal mirror. Through our attitude towards certain bran, we indeed develop a certain type of internal relationship with ourselves. An external intangible facet reflecting the customer attitude towards the brand. These six facets define the identity of the brand as well as the boundaries within which it is free to change or to develop. It demonstrates that these facets are all interrelated and form a well structured entity. Kapferers brand identity prism defines the following: The brands particular vision and aim What makes the brand different What need is the brand fulfilling What are the value or values What is its permanent nature What are the signs which make it recognizable BRAND IDENTITY PRISM OF WILD STONE DATA ANALYSIS The following are the results of the survey done for the brand Wild Stone.The questionnaire was designed based on the Brand Identity Prism.The 6 identity facets of the prism express the tangible and intangible characteristics of the brand and give it a unique authority and legitimacy of values and benefits. 1. What is your Profession? 69 percent of the target consumers were serviced based people. 31 percent people were business men. 2. Why do you use deodorant? A question was asked by the people relating to the utility of deodorant to them.43 percent of the people use deodorant for freshness. 23 percent of the target consumers use it for removing body odor. 3. From where do you purchase deodorant? 4. How do you give importance to the factors while purchasing a deodorant? (Rank 1 for the highest priority and 5 for the lowest) When the target consumers were asked about the priority they have before purchasing a deodorant for themselves, 43 percent people go for the fragrance. They give importance to the smell of the deodorant. 27 percent give importance to the brand of the deodorant. 5. Which brand of deodorant do you use? (The survey was done for the 3 brands of deodorants. Axe, Park Avenue and Wild Stone. The survey of the customer was not considered if he used any other brand of deodorant.) 48 percent of the target consumers are the users of AXE, an HUL product. Axe holds the major share among the other brands of deodorants i.e Park Avenue and Wild Stone which holds 24 and 28 percent respectively. PHYSIQUE An exterior tangible facet communicating physical specificities, colour, form and brand qualities. Physique is the starting point of branding and therefore it forms the brands backbone. 6. How do you recognize the Wild Stone products? * More than 1 answer was also given by the target consumers. For eg. a consumer may say that he recognize the product by the color and logo. An open ended question was asked by the target customers about the recognition of the Wild Stone brand. The question was asked by the consumers to know what makes them recognize the brand Wild Stone. As surveyed with 120 target consumers, 64 percent people recognize the Wild Stone brand products by the color. Around 12 percent people recognize by the logo unit of the brand. Only 17 percent people were able to recognize the logo unit of the brand i.e. the Scratch Mark. Few people recognized the product from their overall packaging unit. 7. Which color comes to your mind when you think of the Wild Stone product? * More than 1 answer was also given by the target consumers. Again an open ended question was asked to the target consumers to know what color comes in their mind when they think about the Wild Stone brand.39 percent of the target consumers responded the color black .17 percent consumers perception matched with the companys view i.e. the color Silver .The company associated silver with the brand. As the color silver signifies self-confidence and self-assurance. However, majority chose the color black with the brand. 8. Other than the Brand name, what symbol in the product helps you recognize the product? Logo unit helps to recognize the brand easily. Logo units are the representatives of the brands. Only 22 of the target consumers recognized the symbol in the product i.e. the scratch marks. PERSONALITY An internal intangible facet which forms the character, soul and brand personality which are relevant for brands. 9. If Wild Stone a man, which age group should he belong to? The brand identity prism focuses on the personality of the brand. The intangible facets like the age, the character etc. of the brand. The company has positioned the brand to reflect the person belonging to the age group between 22-28. Around 56 percent of the people matched with the companys perception.31 percent of the target consumers perceives the brand to belong to the age group of 18-22. 10. Which celebrity would you suggest who should endorse Wild Stone? As the company says the brand is definitely for male. Wild Stone markets itself as the masculine and mysterious brand in the Indian market. All its campaign revolve around the central theme of seduction where girls make the first move. Had Wild Stone been a person, its appearance would have been a masculine type. Company feels the brand as the masculine and the mysterious type.38 percent of the target consumer feels that Akshay Kumar is the better choice who can endorse the brand. Akshay Kumar the action hero is known better for his masculine nature. So the majority feel Akshay Kumar as the best option for endorsing this brand. They have the same perception as the company. Company also positioned the brand as mysterious if a person.And around 32 percent of the target consumers feel Emraan Hashmi (better known for his mysterious characters in Bollywoodmovies) can be a better option for endorsing the brand. 11. What sort of games would Wild Stone play, if a man? ENJOYS A HINT OF DANGER The Wild Stone brand as a person will enjoy a hint of danger. Company positioned it as a brand which enjoys the risk and adventure. The danger with that adventure is enjoyed. Bungee jumping is considered as the most dangerous game among the options given. 20 people of the total 120 believe that the brand Wild Stone if a person will enjoy Bungee Jumping. But 48 out of 120 believe that Wild Stone as a person will enjoy river rafting the most as it appeals more thrilling and adventurous. REFLECTION- An exterior facet with tangible and intangible areas, and defines the behaviour that identifies the brand the way the brand connect to its customers. 12. If Wild Stone were a person, rate the following attributes: (1 denotes for Strongly Agree and 5 for strongly disagree) CULTURE- An internal intangible facet to integrate the brand into the organization which is essential in differentiating brands. It symbolises the organization and the value it stands for. 13. If Wild Stone a person, please rank its modernity. The company positioned the brand to be modern. It belongs to the young generation. 58 percent of the target consumers feel the same. 14. If Wild Stone a person, which nationality would he belong? The nationality plays an important role in understanding the cultural background of the brand the consumers would associate it to. The brand belongs to the Indian Nationality.58 percent of the target consumers say that the brand is the Indian brand. It belongs to the Indian nationality.17 percent of the target consumers say that the brand is of American nationality. SELF IMAGE Self-image is the external intangible facet reflecting the customers attitude towards the brand. These inner thoughts connect personal inner relationship with the brand. So called: the target internal mirror 15. Describe people who will be users of Wild Stone brand. * More than 1 answer was also given by the target consumers. When the Wild Stone users were asked about how they feel when they use the Wild Stone deodorants or how they fe Fragrance Advertising and Brand Study Fragrance Advertising and Brand Study INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT What is Brand? â€Å"Brand is the personality that identifies a product, service or company (name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or combination of them) and how it relates to customers.† Brand is a name or symbol that is commonly known to identify a company or its products and separate them from the competition. A well-known brand is generally regarded as one that people will recognise, often even if they do not know about the company or its products/services. These are usually the businesses name or the name of a product, although it can also include the name of a feature or style of a product. Brand Positioning In marketing, positioning has come to mean the process by which marketers try to create an image or identity in the minds of their target market for its product, brand, or organization. Also positioning is defined as the way by which the marketer creates impression in the customers mind. The task of the marketer is to mould consumer perceptions so as to occupy the desired position for his brand. Perceptions or brand positions can be changed even if the product is the same; this is known as repositioning of a brand. Positioning has four components. The first component is the product class or the product category in which the brand is to operate. The second is the consumer segmentation. It is impossible to think of a position for a brand without, at the same time, considering the segment for which offers benefits that other brands do not. The third is the mapping of the brand in the consumer mind. Brand benefits and attributes make up the fourth component of positioning. A consumer can allot a position in her mind only to a brand whose benefits are meaningful to her. The search for vacant positions in the market must be conducted with reference to the product benefits and the preferred importance of such benefits. The position that we seek in a consumers mind is based upon the knowledge of the consumers perception of the product category. What is the imprint of the various brand in the Definition from Wikipedia The position that we seek in a consumers mind is based upon the knowledge of the consumers perception of the product category. What is the imprint of the various brand in the consumers mind? Is there a vacant position? The answers lead us to a product concept and the emotional or psychological values which it must offer. The position which a brand seeks in the target customers mind is influenced by its functional features or attributes. The attribute must be such as to make the position credible. The position of the brand is also influenced by its non- functional features comprising functional as well as emotional or psychological values. Positioning is the pursuit of differential advantage. One of the major contribution of positioning theory to marketing strategy has been to bring out the concept of dissimilarity between the brands in the minds of target consumers and to uncover the many opportunities for such perceived differentiation based upon the capabilities of the product. Who am I? What am I? For whom am I? Why me? The answers to these would determine the brands position in the mind of the consumers. Except for the most basic necessities, consumers buy product both for their functional benefits and their symbolic meanings. Consumers prefer to buy those products and brands that match best with their image of themselves. Brands can be, and are likened to people; they acquire human characteristics. This is known as brand personality. It refers to the symbolic and emotional characteristics of a brand. Positioning is something (perception) that happens in the minds of the target market. It is the aggregate perception the market has of a particular company, product or service in relation to their perceptions of the competitors in the same category. It will happen whether or not a companys management is proactive, reactive or passive about the on-going process of evolving a position. But a company can positively influence the perceptions through enlightened strategic actions. COMPANY PROFILE McNroe Consumer Products Pvt Ltd 14,Netaji Subhas Road. Kolkata Phone- +91 33 22102095 Website-www.mcnroe.com Vision To become the most admirable grooming and lifestyle brand in India. The booming young adult population with high disposable income is more conscious of the latest trends than ever before. Keeping pace with changing times, the company is sharply focused to create and offer great products to the Indian Youth. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND The company was originated in the year 1986 as McNROE Chemicals. Promoted by Mr. N.K Daga. He is currently a Director in the company. McNROE Chemicals was incorporated as McNROE Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. On 26th July 1996. In September, 2009 the name of the Company changed as â€Å"McNROE Consumer Products Pvt. Ltd. with a view to reflect the aspiration to be a personal care Company. The company operates on a sound understanding of fragrance and its relevance to customers. The business of the Company grew in size and stature and in first 10 years of its business successfully expanded the area of distribution of its products to the states of Eastern North East India and North Central India. PRESENT STATUS Presently the company is a 140 crore company. The companys distribution network spans across Dealers, sales agents, CF agents and Super Stockist. Company brands are distributed across the country through a team of 1200 distributors covering 380000 Retail outlets. The Company has its manufacturing units in the state of Uttaranchal. The company is currently building capability to enter and serve Modern Trade Outlets. The marketing strategy of the company has been consulted by the Future Brands. MAJOR BRANDS HEAVENS GARDEN Products- Talcum Powder, Skin Care (Anti septic Cream, cold cream, moisturizing lotion) SECRET TEMPTATION (Female Range) Products- Talcum powder, perfumeries (perfumes deodorants) WILD STONE (Male Range) Products- Talcum Powders, perfumeries (perfumes deodorants), Skin care products (Shaving cream, After shave lotion, Shaving brush, Soap) Premium range of cosmetics is marketed under the brand name SECRET TEMPTATION and WILDSTONE for female and male range respectively. Mass family segment is marketed under the brand name HEAVENS GARDEN. The range of products of company include talcum powder, cold cream, anti septic cream, deodorant, spray perfume, moisturizing lotion, After Shave Lotion, Soap. INTRODUCTION TO THE BRAND WILD STONE Living life on the edge can be intensely pleasurable. Wild Stone is for the man who enjoys unshackled pleasure Wild Stone is a quintessentially male brand, providing personal care products for young Indian males. Rough and rugged, it does away with the controlled norms of social interaction, taking contact between men and women to an elemental, instinctual level. Wild Stone bases its products on the changing needs of Indias youth. Wild Stone answers the need for fragrance on the go, with its Deodorants and Perfumes. The strong fragrances are ideally suited for Indian weather conditions. Soaps and shaving products complete a mans personal care ritual. With a wide range of fine fragrances, Wild Stone offers an international experience to its users. The brand was started in the year 2005, targeting the middle class working people. Their products are targeted at the uber-masculine male â€Å"who loves living life on the edge†. Wild Stone markets itself as the masculine and mysterious brand in the Indian market. The brand is targeted at male aged 22-28. All its campaigns revolve around this central theme of seduction where girls make the first move. The feeling of being seduced gives a big boost of self confidence to a man. Along with these, the brand also ensures that customers are constantly engaged with new fragrances and campaigns. The company started the brand with a tagline â€Å"Wild by nature†. They moved on to the â€Å"Barely Legal† tagline which was more subtle and had sexual Undertones. Now the brand has again a new Tagline â€Å"It happens†. The new tagline gives a message that Wild Stone man doesnt have to Try Too Hard†. Brand anchor is â€Å"Dangerous Liaisons† and the brand destination is to become â€Å"The iconic Indian Male Fantasy brand that owns the space of Indian sensuality†. Wild Stone has grown rapidly over the last two years, to emerge as the number three brand in the fastest growing FMCG category today. It is the top brand in several states, has achieved universal awareness. With a clearly differentiated position, and strong growth across categories, Wild Stone is set for success. Wild Stone has become one amongst the top three brands in the Indian deodorant market within few years of its launch. Wild Stone deodorant has a national market share of 7.4%. PRODUCTS Deodorants TalcShaving cream Soap Aftershave Lotion DEODORANTS Night Rider Green, aromatic,floral, woody, musky Wild Stone Wild Stone Aqua Fresh Citrus, spicy, floral, ambery, woody, musky Aqua freshness with citrus and amber. Wild Stone Raw Passion Aromatic, green, citrus, slightly fruity, ambery, woody, musky Sparkling, energetic irresistibly masculine. Wild Stone Ultra Sensual Aromatic, lavender, rosemary, spicy fresh, woody, musky The classic fragrance of the Wild Stone man. Wild Stone Hydra Energy Citrus, fresh, lavender, spicy, aromatic, green,woody, ambery, musky Refreshing fragrance, perfect to begin your day. Wild Stone Forest Spice Green citrus, lavender, aromatic, spicy, woody, powdery, musky Adventurous to the core. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY To study the deodorants industry in India To study the companys desired consumer perception of its brand WILDSTONE To make an in depth study and analysis of the actual brand perception of the consumers To locate gaps, if any, between the desired and actual brand perception Recommend strategies, based on my project study results, to plug such gaps. Research design and methodology Sources of data collection The study is a cross sectional study. Data was collected at a single point of time. For the purpose of present study a related sample of population were chosen for the sake of convenience. Primary data: It is the data collected afresh or for the first time OR It is data which is collected by the researcher directly from the respondents. There are various methods of data collection. The ones I have used are:- Observation : Data is collected based on observation done in the market Interview method:. Collected some information by informal interviews by the target consumers at different places to formulate the correct questionnaire. Questions related to the survey were asked on one to one basis Questionnaire: Designing the questionnaire Ø Multiple choice questions Ø Scaling Ø Subjective Method of sampling It refers to the method to be applied and the technique to be used in selecting the sample. Random sampling A sampling process where each element in the target population has a equal chance or probability of inclusion in the sample. Judgmental Sampling The selection of a unit, from the population based on the judgment. Judgment sampling involves the choice of subjects who are most advantageously placed or in the best position to provide the information required. They could reasonably be expected to have expert knowledge by virtue of having gone through the experience and processes themselves and might perhaps be able to provide good data or information to the researcher. Sample size A sample is a part of the total population .It can be an individual or a group of elements selected from the population. Although it is a subset it is representative of the population. The Sample size is 120. Questionnaire The questionnaire format was made in accordance to the research objective. However the questionnaire was modified as the survey progressed for the purpose of seeking more authentic information to enhance post survey analysis The questionnaire format is available in the annexure Research methodology It is a set of systematic techniques used by scientific researchers. During execution, the framework should always indicate the purpose of what one is doing at that moment The research methodology used is Descriptive Analysis study: Descriptive research (or statistical research)  § This research describes data and characteristics about the population or phenomenon being studied. Descriptive research answers the questions who, what, when, where and how  § Although the data description is factual, accurate and systematic, the research cannot describe what caused the situation.  § The description is used for frequencies, averages and other statistical calculations.  § Qualitative research often has the aim of description and researchers may follow it up with examinations of why the observations exist and what the implications of the findings are. In brief, descriptive research deals with everything that can be counted and studied. However there are always restrictions to that. Our research must have an impact to the lives of people around us. Similarly the results of this project will be beneficial to both the company and the consumers since the company will use these key findings about the consumers brand and consumption perception to design its marketing and other strategical concepts to position the brand in the consumers mind. ANALYSIS OF THE STUDY As mentioned the project is relating to mapping the consumer perception about the brand WILDSTONE. Evaluating the different framework available for conducting the survey. Then shorlisting the appropriate framework. For this project KAPFERERs BRAND IDENTITY PRISM have been considered for the survey. Brand Identity Prism Kapferer has developed a brand identity prism where he distinguishes a sender and recipient side, plus an externalisation and internalisation side. The 6 identity facets express the tangible and intangible characteristics of the brand and give it a unique authority and legitimacy of values and benefits. The six facets of the identity prism can be described as- Physique -Physique is both the brands backbone and its tangible added value. It is the basis of the brand. An exterior tangible facet communicating physical specificities, colour, form and brand qualities. Personality- An internal intangible facet which forms the character, soul and brand personality which are relevant for brands. Culture- An internal intangible facet to integrate the brand into the organization which is essential in differentiating brands. It symbolises the organization and the value it stands for. Here culture means the set of values feeding the brands inspiration. Relationship- It is the handshake between the consumer and the organization. Reflection It is the consumers perception about the product. Self image-If reflection is a targets outward mirror, self image is the targets own internal mirror. Through our attitude towards certain bran, we indeed develop a certain type of internal relationship with ourselves. An external intangible facet reflecting the customer attitude towards the brand. These six facets define the identity of the brand as well as the boundaries within which it is free to change or to develop. It demonstrates that these facets are all interrelated and form a well structured entity. Kapferers brand identity prism defines the following: The brands particular vision and aim What makes the brand different What need is the brand fulfilling What are the value or values What is its permanent nature What are the signs which make it recognizable BRAND IDENTITY PRISM OF WILD STONE DATA ANALYSIS The following are the results of the survey done for the brand Wild Stone.The questionnaire was designed based on the Brand Identity Prism.The 6 identity facets of the prism express the tangible and intangible characteristics of the brand and give it a unique authority and legitimacy of values and benefits. 1. What is your Profession? 69 percent of the target consumers were serviced based people. 31 percent people were business men. 2. Why do you use deodorant? A question was asked by the people relating to the utility of deodorant to them.43 percent of the people use deodorant for freshness. 23 percent of the target consumers use it for removing body odor. 3. From where do you purchase deodorant? 4. How do you give importance to the factors while purchasing a deodorant? (Rank 1 for the highest priority and 5 for the lowest) When the target consumers were asked about the priority they have before purchasing a deodorant for themselves, 43 percent people go for the fragrance. They give importance to the smell of the deodorant. 27 percent give importance to the brand of the deodorant. 5. Which brand of deodorant do you use? (The survey was done for the 3 brands of deodorants. Axe, Park Avenue and Wild Stone. The survey of the customer was not considered if he used any other brand of deodorant.) 48 percent of the target consumers are the users of AXE, an HUL product. Axe holds the major share among the other brands of deodorants i.e Park Avenue and Wild Stone which holds 24 and 28 percent respectively. PHYSIQUE An exterior tangible facet communicating physical specificities, colour, form and brand qualities. Physique is the starting point of branding and therefore it forms the brands backbone. 6. How do you recognize the Wild Stone products? * More than 1 answer was also given by the target consumers. For eg. a consumer may say that he recognize the product by the color and logo. An open ended question was asked by the target customers about the recognition of the Wild Stone brand. The question was asked by the consumers to know what makes them recognize the brand Wild Stone. As surveyed with 120 target consumers, 64 percent people recognize the Wild Stone brand products by the color. Around 12 percent people recognize by the logo unit of the brand. Only 17 percent people were able to recognize the logo unit of the brand i.e. the Scratch Mark. Few people recognized the product from their overall packaging unit. 7. Which color comes to your mind when you think of the Wild Stone product? * More than 1 answer was also given by the target consumers. Again an open ended question was asked to the target consumers to know what color comes in their mind when they think about the Wild Stone brand.39 percent of the target consumers responded the color black .17 percent consumers perception matched with the companys view i.e. the color Silver .The company associated silver with the brand. As the color silver signifies self-confidence and self-assurance. However, majority chose the color black with the brand. 8. Other than the Brand name, what symbol in the product helps you recognize the product? Logo unit helps to recognize the brand easily. Logo units are the representatives of the brands. Only 22 of the target consumers recognized the symbol in the product i.e. the scratch marks. PERSONALITY An internal intangible facet which forms the character, soul and brand personality which are relevant for brands. 9. If Wild Stone a man, which age group should he belong to? The brand identity prism focuses on the personality of the brand. The intangible facets like the age, the character etc. of the brand. The company has positioned the brand to reflect the person belonging to the age group between 22-28. Around 56 percent of the people matched with the companys perception.31 percent of the target consumers perceives the brand to belong to the age group of 18-22. 10. Which celebrity would you suggest who should endorse Wild Stone? As the company says the brand is definitely for male. Wild Stone markets itself as the masculine and mysterious brand in the Indian market. All its campaign revolve around the central theme of seduction where girls make the first move. Had Wild Stone been a person, its appearance would have been a masculine type. Company feels the brand as the masculine and the mysterious type.38 percent of the target consumer feels that Akshay Kumar is the better choice who can endorse the brand. Akshay Kumar the action hero is known better for his masculine nature. So the majority feel Akshay Kumar as the best option for endorsing this brand. They have the same perception as the company. Company also positioned the brand as mysterious if a person.And around 32 percent of the target consumers feel Emraan Hashmi (better known for his mysterious characters in Bollywoodmovies) can be a better option for endorsing the brand. 11. What sort of games would Wild Stone play, if a man? ENJOYS A HINT OF DANGER The Wild Stone brand as a person will enjoy a hint of danger. Company positioned it as a brand which enjoys the risk and adventure. The danger with that adventure is enjoyed. Bungee jumping is considered as the most dangerous game among the options given. 20 people of the total 120 believe that the brand Wild Stone if a person will enjoy Bungee Jumping. But 48 out of 120 believe that Wild Stone as a person will enjoy river rafting the most as it appeals more thrilling and adventurous. REFLECTION- An exterior facet with tangible and intangible areas, and defines the behaviour that identifies the brand the way the brand connect to its customers. 12. If Wild Stone were a person, rate the following attributes: (1 denotes for Strongly Agree and 5 for strongly disagree) CULTURE- An internal intangible facet to integrate the brand into the organization which is essential in differentiating brands. It symbolises the organization and the value it stands for. 13. If Wild Stone a person, please rank its modernity. The company positioned the brand to be modern. It belongs to the young generation. 58 percent of the target consumers feel the same. 14. If Wild Stone a person, which nationality would he belong? The nationality plays an important role in understanding the cultural background of the brand the consumers would associate it to. The brand belongs to the Indian Nationality.58 percent of the target consumers say that the brand is the Indian brand. It belongs to the Indian nationality.17 percent of the target consumers say that the brand is of American nationality. SELF IMAGE Self-image is the external intangible facet reflecting the customers attitude towards the brand. These inner thoughts connect personal inner relationship with the brand. So called: the target internal mirror 15. Describe people who will be users of Wild Stone brand. * More than 1 answer was also given by the target consumers. When the Wild Stone users were asked about how they feel when they use the Wild Stone deodorants or how they fe

Barn Burning Essay -- essays research papers

Barn Burning "You’re getting to be a man. You got to learn. You got to learn to stick to your own blood or you ain’t going to have any blood to stick to you." This quote from William Faulkner’s "Barn Burning" does reveal a central issue in the story, as Jane Hiles suggests in her interpretation. The story is about blood ties, but more specifically, how these ties affect Sarty (the central character of the story). The story examines the internal conflict and dilemma that Sarty faces. When the story begins, Sarty and his family are in a courtroom. Sarty, known in a proper setting as Colonel Sartoris, which in itself gives an insight into the families mentality. Sarty’s father, Abner Snopes is being accused of a barn burning. Right away, as Sarty is called to testify, you get an idea of what is going through the boy’s head, and the mentality that has be ingrained in him. He thinks to himself, Enemy! Enemy!, referring to the people t hat his father and his family for that matter are up against. Sarty would later discover that things are not always the way that his father leads everyone to believe they are. Sarty, somewhere deep down wants to just do what is right, but being roughly 10 years old, I don’t think he quite has that figured out yet. His sense of right and wrong has been biased under the tyranny of his father. We also get a good idea of the personality of the father, Abner, by the way Sarty describes his physical appearance. Abner is...

Race and Ethnicity Essay

Stereotypes can convey characters and images quickly and clearly, so advertising relies on stereotypes as shortcuts to meaning. The time and space constraints of advertising and any other commercially driven message simply cannot allow for a complete representation of people from any given social group, but stereotypes can clue in to the importance responsibly. Depending on how they are formed and used, stereotypes can present problems. They can be used in functional or dysfunctional way. The functional aspects of stereotypes; stereotype is valuable to create classifications of individuals and serves as conventional characters. So, they are functional when they are accepted as a natural way to guide our expectations. Dysfunctional stereotype, a stereotype in which abnormal or impaired aspects of a culture are emphasized. So, they are dysfunctional when they are used as the sole way to wholly judge individuals incorrectly, seeing them only as part of group. An example of a functional stereotype is that the Germans are punctual, which is correct. On average, they are more punctual than many other peoples. Certainly, the Italians and the Spanish have a different concept of time. For the Spanish, knowledge of this aspect of the German culture means that they can adapt their behavior: when they are expected for dinner, 8 o’clock means 8 o’clock, and not 9 or 10 as it does in Spain. An example of a dysfunctional stereotype is the British saying that the French are dirty, oversexed, and ludicrously obsessed with their culture, and the French saying that the British are cold, uncultivated, hypocritical, and unreliable. Yes, the British are more reserved in the eyes of the French, just like now, Hong Kong people think the mainland people are dirty, low education level, no civic sense and so on — all these are dysfunctional stereotypes. However, it is necessary for the advertisements to consider the fact that the dysfunctional aspects of stereotypes far outweigh the functional aspects. Constant exposure of representation of social identity in stereotypical terms in media discourse can make people experience the dangers in real life. For instance, In 2009 „Coke Brrr side of life? television commercial, racial or national identity are presented in stereotypical terms. Problem arises when Blacks/Africans are more negatively stereotyped than Whites/Americans/Europeans and Japanese/Asians. Negative stereotypes generate negative social meanings or implications. By being depicted as lacking in seriousness in the midst of a serious world conference, the African representatives seem misplaced or misbehaved. The negative social implications of these Sambo stereotypes are that Africans are seen as less civilized and less educated than Europeans and Asians, and thus inferior to them. The negative racial stereotyping is inevitable. It is necessary for the producer of this commercial to exploit the functional aspects of stereotypes—creating classifications of individuals and as conventional characters in popular stories—to achieve their profit-oriented goal. What is more significant for the producer(s) to consider is the possibility of audience?s increasing anxiety that may be triggered by the broadcast of TV commercials with negative stereotypical representations like 2009 „Coke Brrr side of life? and the risk of this anxiety to become audiences and consumers? resistance to the commercial and the advertised product. If resistance happens, it is unlikely that the producer(s) can reach their profit-oriented goal. http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=99PC7AtabVk —

Five Ethical Approaches for Companies

Being honest and trustworthy is one of the most important aspects within business ethics. The object of a business is to produce products that consumers have faith in and have confidence that they are getting the best deal with no hidden inconveniences. The Markkula article gives five examples of ethical decision that each business should take into consideration when making transactions with customers or implementing a product into the market. The utilitarian approach, virtue approach, rights approach, fairness approach, and common good approach are all steps the business should use to make sure their brand is ethical. Companies like amazon, apple, and Wal-Mart are ethical and have prospered because these companies hold everyone accountable for their actions and decision-making. Amazon has great policies set for the consumers with multiple low prices valuable material as well as Wal-Mart. Apple has a code of ethics that is set for all individuals that work for them. To more thoroughly detail these principles, Apple has drafted a code of business conduct that applies to all its operations, including those overseas†(Fund). Enron, Aig, and Fannie Mae Foundation are companies that did not always use ethical decision-making and therefore went under. â€Å"After 1992 Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were encouraged to purchase â€Å"affordable† mortgages from banks, which essentially meant mortgages that did not pass the usual creditworthiness requirement for loan†(Congleton, 2009). Fannie Mae gave loans to anyone who basically applied thus, resulting in a major crisis in America. Good ethics in business would be to compete fairly and honestly, to communicate truthfully and to not cause harm to others. These are things that Enron did not seem to display, which led to Enron’s operations file for bankruptcy in 2001†(Studymode 2008). Enron was convincing people do invest in insurances of their firms, but took the money and did not pay up for any claims. An unethical approach that Aig is known for is giving Ceo and other officials of the company bonuses and vacations when they were a faili ng business an investor were losing money.

Free Essays on Butterflies Or Hornets

Butterflies or Hornets? As I looked off of this 400 foot cliff, I pondered the idea of why was I here, was it really worth it, what kind of thoughts would drive me to this point? I moved taking sloth sized steps to the edge only to be greeted by a warm gentle breeze. The blue sky and this gentle breeze was a pleasant welcoming on this mountain of rocks. My instructor for the day was named Bill, he was a very muscular man about my height with wavy brown hair, â€Å"Bill,† I asked, â€Å"Is it safe to be repelling down this soul catcher? I mean it’s a long ways down!† He replied, â€Å"Of course! Would I be up here if it wasn’t?† I started by slipping into the leg hoops of the nylon harness, then attached the waist belt, and finally the shoulder hoops. Bill asked, â€Å"Are you scared yet?† â€Å"No, just anxious,† I replied grimly. He could see right through me; he knew that I was trembling inside. â€Å"You’ll be fine, just don’t look down!† This was all of the advice he wanted to give me. The butterflies in my stomach suddenly began to flutter compulsively and my heart began to rev as an Indy car would at the start of a race, an uncontrollable RPM. â€Å"Your face is pale as a ghost,† Bill smirked as he tied the ropes to the anchor tree. This tree was a monumental pine, about three and a half feet around at the bottom. I clipped my rope into the carabineer on my harness and began to have second thoughts. I felt as if the brief repelling lesson was definitely not enough. â€Å"Are you ready green horn?† Bill said laughing. â€Å"As ready as I’ll ever be.† I picked up the rope, put it between my legs, held the rope in front of me with my right hand and left hand underneath holding the rope firmly. I was starting to feel like something is wrong; did Bill prepare me for this descent? I leaned back on the rope, stretching it as it pulled tight on tension. My feet started to shake violently as I took... Free Essays on Butterflies Or Hornets Free Essays on Butterflies Or Hornets Butterflies or Hornets? As I looked off of this 400 foot cliff, I pondered the idea of why was I here, was it really worth it, what kind of thoughts would drive me to this point? I moved taking sloth sized steps to the edge only to be greeted by a warm gentle breeze. The blue sky and this gentle breeze was a pleasant welcoming on this mountain of rocks. My instructor for the day was named Bill, he was a very muscular man about my height with wavy brown hair, â€Å"Bill,† I asked, â€Å"Is it safe to be repelling down this soul catcher? I mean it’s a long ways down!† He replied, â€Å"Of course! Would I be up here if it wasn’t?† I started by slipping into the leg hoops of the nylon harness, then attached the waist belt, and finally the shoulder hoops. Bill asked, â€Å"Are you scared yet?† â€Å"No, just anxious,† I replied grimly. He could see right through me; he knew that I was trembling inside. â€Å"You’ll be fine, just don’t look down!† This was all of the advice he wanted to give me. The butterflies in my stomach suddenly began to flutter compulsively and my heart began to rev as an Indy car would at the start of a race, an uncontrollable RPM. â€Å"Your face is pale as a ghost,† Bill smirked as he tied the ropes to the anchor tree. This tree was a monumental pine, about three and a half feet around at the bottom. I clipped my rope into the carabineer on my harness and began to have second thoughts. I felt as if the brief repelling lesson was definitely not enough. â€Å"Are you ready green horn?† Bill said laughing. â€Å"As ready as I’ll ever be.† I picked up the rope, put it between my legs, held the rope in front of me with my right hand and left hand underneath holding the rope firmly. I was starting to feel like something is wrong; did Bill prepare me for this descent? I leaned back on the rope, stretching it as it pulled tight on tension. My feet started to shake violently as I took...

buy custom Changes in London essay

buy custom Changes in London essay War had significant effect on twentieth-century London. Massive changes occurred in the spheres of economy, industry as well as in the social class structure of the city. These changes have caused long-term effects and have played a crucial role in the marking the beginning of a new era in the history of Great Britain. Since the 17th century London experienced numerous military attacks which involved the use of cannon fire. Later on in the 20th century explosive bombs carried by airships and airplanes were thrown into the core of the city. Both world wars transformed all spheres of life but also became triggers that speeded up social change. As an illustration, the number of women entering the workforce between 1914 and 1918 was bigger than ever before. They were filling in the vacancies emptied by men who went to the front line during the war. This practice contributed to a notion that Britain, as a modern state, did not want to exclude its women from the national efforts of restoring the country after the war. In the Second World War, similar processes took place with groups of working class people. The experience of striving to defeat a common enemy together set the ground for Welfare State social reforms. These reforms were providing equal standards of health protection and safety at the workplace as well as provided equal opportunities for people to get education. These reform applied to everyone irrespective of class, social status or the background of an individual (Ndulo, 2007). In this situation the war should be given a credit for finally making London a less hierarchical city. Citizens of London also became more socially flexible after the war. London is a city that bears the wounds of 20th century warfare, the effect of which was carried into the 21st century. Bomb attacks which happened during the war left a heritage of empty spaces where buildings had once been constructed. The skeletons of 17th century churches shattered in the attack were conserved as a museum, which acts as a reminder of destructive nature of the war. Londoners have as well carried the wounds of both the first and second world wars into the present. No London family could escape the post effects of war. There were several effects, which the society members experienced during the course of service in the military: grief, division, dislocation, and the trauma of becoming a refugee. During the whole 20th century the people of London had some personal linkage to the ordeal of war. Immediately after the war, the production of industries within London city had gone down by a margin of ten percent. However, there were increases in the production of other industries such as the steel industry. Britain faced a contentious shell shortage, which was attributed to the extraordinary orders that were placed before the war broke out. After fighting two wars, the United Kingdom had lost its status as one of the worlds top powers. Before the beginning of the Second World War, United Kingdom had a tremendously vast empire, and after the war, most of the countries sought for their own independence. The Unite Kingdom had to borrow money from the United States to equip itself for the war. The debt was not returned back for a long period until just recently. In London there was a shortage of food and clothing that lasted for a very long time. There were several emotional problems that society members experienced as a result of the war. The shell shock syndrome, which is often associated with the First World War, referred to the condition of depression that soldiers experienced after they came back from the war. It was clear that soldiers who went through the battle experence had psychological symptoms and could not adapt to life without war. Further, many boys had lied about their age so that they could get the chance to get to the British army during war time. Most of the British soldiers who refused to fight were shot for cowardice. Most of the population in London experienced posttraumatic stress disorder after the war. There were several psychological impacts of the war that became long term and affected the general behaviour of individuals. The war had paramount impact on the health and safety of the civilian population. The children who were evacuated from the city to the safe countryside without their parents suffe red a lot of psychological traumas. As it was claimed earlier, the war had a tremendous impact on the role that women played in a society. To get the comprehensive insight on how the war transformed the roles of women it is necessary to have a clear understanding of the womens roles before the onset of the Great War. Before the war, women were supposed to bring up children and care for their husbands as well as their homes. They were not permitted to vote in elections. In addition, remarkably few women worked outside the home. Even if the woman got employed, her wage was considerably lower than that of a man. The group of women who deviated from the majority and were trying to achieve equal opportunities for women were the Suffragettes. During the war, men left their jobs and to fight. This led to emptying many jobs in transport and manufacture industries. However, the country was in need for transport and industry sectors employees to keep these industries in operations. Therefore, the government decided to allow wome n to do the jobs that previously were done by men. Women showed that they were as capable as men. After the war, some of the women resumed their old jobs whilst others wanted to remain employed since they have proven to have the capacity to work like men. London suffered massive damages during the Second World War. This was a result of the aerial bombardment, which paralysed many industries, destroyed residential homes and commercial districts, which included historic centre of the city. An average of about thirty thousand civilian and soldiers died because of the enemy attacks, and a big number of Londoners were injured during that period. The reconstruction of the city began after the end of the war though the building materials were in short supply. During the war, the great plan had been made as the blue print plan for the reconstruction of the city. The severe air pollution from the burning of coal in homes and industries contributed to the Great Smog. The smog in its turn played a big role in causing deaths of approximately four thousand Londoners. Subsequently, during the next quarter of the century, there was an enormous effort made in the process of clearing slums as well as in construction of new houses and apartments in the city. There focus was also on the improving of the services in all sectors in London. As a result of this, bigger number of residents within the Greater London constructed houses, followed by spread of construction towards the southeast part (Coates, 2004). There were important construction projects at the beginning of 21st century, including the construction of the new British Library. Furthermore, Underground lines were developed throughout Docklands and innovative Millennium Bridge was built specifically for pedestrian traffic. Built over Thames to connect Tate Modern with the city at St. Pauls Cathedral, the bridge opened temporarily in 2000. It was closed when it unexpectedly swayed, which called for a sequence of studies requiring skilful engineers and construction workers. It wwas reopened in 2002 after some modifications in its construction were made to stabilize it. Downriver at Greenwich the Millennium Dome, which is a contentious project beside the Thames in the East End, offered accessible diversity of exhibitions throughout 2000. London was the control centre of the parliamentarians throughout the whole period of war as Charles I ultimately decided to put up his competitor Head Quarter in Oxford. This attempt had vital economic allegation for the capital, other than the loss of the imperial court. Its parliamentary masters used Londons resources in the exact ways as had medieval Tudor and Stuart monarchs, who used London long distant traders for large loans to finance their war efforts. However, they went further, since one of the characteristics of the Civil War was the introduction of taxes that for the first time in English history regulated the real wealth of the country. London was hit especially hard by the introduction of new direct taxes e.g. the introduction of the monthly assessment, which was a form of income tax. Other indirect taxes were also introduced, like the new elimination of tax on customer goods. Londoners money was directed into the parliamentarians war fronts, giving the kings opponents a significant advantage that ultimately helped them win the war. As a result, the impact on London was massive. It has been estimated that approximately a quarter or a third of the total sum raised nationwide by tax assessments came from London. It is not surprising that Londoners did not pay and in some cases organized tax riots. The main opposing riot was in Smithfield in 1647. Nevertheless, Londoners unquestionably paid for the war out of their own personal savings. In addition to predictable tensions in London that grew out of the economic and social implications of the war, the situation was worsened by increasing political and religious division of a nation. Most of the bombing was blamed on the Muslim religion. Through the war London was parliamentarian. Royalist propaganda, such as John Birkenheads Cavalier condemnation of rebellious London which was published in 1643, portrayed London as the centre of evils. With the use of modern terminology, it is possible to describe the centre of evil as a place, where the acts of evil and rebellious schemes against the law and order are born. According to Berkenhead, the forces of law and order that were at risk were not western-style democracy, but the Stuart monarchy, and the threats were imposed not by Al Qaeda terrorists, but by parliamentarian puritans. However, London was clearly the centre of the parliamentarian antagonism (Porter, 1996). Therefore, the last area of London life, in which the Civil War was a catalyst for unpredictability and volatility was the sphere of culture and ideas. In London, the Civil War is perceived to have had depressing, gloomy, and dampening consequence because it inflicted enlightening philistinism. The war has brought numerous damages for the cultural activities within the city. For instance, in the year 1642 theatre performances on stage were stopped as part of the parliamentary ordinance. Restrictions also app lied to church music. Other types of music as well as the visual arts were not outlawed. The civil war in London did not bring art, music and fun to an end. This showed how selective this process was. The Imperial museum holds massive museum's anthologies, which include archives of personal and bureaucratic documents. It also has oral historical recordings, which form an extensive library. They also have large art collections, examples of military vehicles and aircraft, equipment and other artefacts. Buy custom Changes in London essay

A Struggle for Identity in Shutter Island by Dennis Lehane

At the beginning of Clipper Island, Dennis Lehane, Teddy Daniels considered him himself Marshal of the United States, and was sent to Shutter Island with his partner Chuck. Island) Rachel Solando, a fugitive incident. Rachel Solando is said to be a very dangerous patient who murdered her three children. She escaped her cell somewhere on the psychiatric ward and the island somehow. If Teddy and Chuck jump into the desolated island with a ferry, they will be welcomed by indifference and doubt. Mental disorders may be associated with dangerous and harmful side effects. In Dennis Lane's Shutter Island, the effects of many mental illnesses are harmful to individuals. However, there are three more harmful and long-term effects. First of all, many people with poor sleep tend to feel difficulty due to mental state. In addition, psychosis often reacts individuals violently to emotional conditions. Most importantly, flashback and distorted memory are common when people's mental state is compro mised. Shutter Island is a thriller based on a novel written by Dennis Lehane. The story took place in the 1960s on a Shos island where a mental hospital called Ashecliff was used to imprison the most horrible criminal madman. Two policemen went to the island to investigate the missing prisoners in Word B. This movie focuses on the moral value of the perspective of various people. This movie is full of suspense shots and conversations. The audience may think that two police officers are trapped in the island, but the director has created more traces for the police. Dennis Lehane 's novel Shutter Island was first selected as Columbia Pictures in 2003. The company in Colombia did not take action on that option, but sold it to Lehane, Lehane sold it to Phoenix Pictures. Phoenix hired Laeta Kalogridis. Director Martin Scorsese and actor Leonardo DiCaprio were both fascinated by this project. Production began on March 6, 2008. Shutter Island was mainly filmed in Massachusetts State, Taun ton was the place of flashback scene of World War II. The old industrial building in the Wittennton Mills Complex in Taunton is a reproduction of Dachau concentration camp. Old Medfield State Hospital in Medfield, Massachusetts is also an important place. Cory's office is on the second floor of the evening church. Light shines from the window, it looks like sunlight. The staff painted the hospital brick wall as a plywood

Cost of Healthcare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cost of Healthcare - Essay Example This increase in cost of healthcare is most likely to impact the public in a number of ways. It is of crucial significance to note that the increase in cost of healthcare is good to the economy for a number of reasons. The increasing cost of healthcare is important in strengthening the economy. It is likely to result in increase in taxes thereby creating more money thus strengthening the economy (Pear et al, 2014). However, it is prudent to acknowledge that the increase in cost of healthcare may negatively impact the consumers in a number of ways. This may involve the increasing costs of medical insurance to such consumers. In this regard, it is prudent to note that the healthcare costs should be reduced. This is because the high healthcare cost is most likely to raise the cost of medication and hospital. This can be attributed to increased costs of living to the people. Renter, E. (2014). Health Care Costs Expected to Rise in 2015: Are You Ready? Retrieved on 9th June 2015 from http://health.usnews.com/health-news/health- insurance/articles/2014/10/21/health-care-costs-expected-to-rise-in-2015-are-you-ready Pear, R., Abelson, R. & Armendariz, A. (2014). Cost of Coverage Under AffordableCare Act to Increase in 2015. Retrieved on 9th June 2015 from

The 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act - Research Paper Example Because whatever occurs in history has an effect on the prospect, it is significantly imperative to understand the background of the Act along with how it influenced the North American community and other sections of society. Conceivably, by evaluating the past represented by implications of the Chinese exclusion Act, it might be achievable to build up a superior prospect in a perceptible way. This paper endeavors to provide research on the factors behind the Act, the implications of the Act particularly on North America and the milieu of the legislation. Additionally, the paper will give the results on the appraisal of the happenings adjacent to the Chinese exclusion Act, its execution along with issues emanating from its enactment and implementation. Obviously, any law touching on sensitive issues like race and immigration will derive numerous controversies and conflicts. The research paper will illuminate on the controversies of the incidence of the Act and its position in the vas t Asian American studies. Alternative perspectives of the Act, with respect to the 19th century, and its relationship with contemporary thought will form part of the discussion shedding more light on the Act. In essence, the exclusion Act led to a fall in economic production around the country because the Asians especially Chinese (barred from migrating to America) were hardworking individuals who played a prominent role in economic production (Powell 67). The enactment of legislations that focus on categories of people during times of need is of no gain to any population. The Cause and Effect of the Act The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, emanated from decades of Chinese intolerance signified by increased riots and campaigns against the mounting presence of Chinese laborers in parts of the United States. This culminated into the launch of decades of Chinese exclusion witnessed by the barring of Chinese people from migrating to America for ten years and later indefinitely (Daniels an d Graham 22). Enacted in 1882, the Act was the peak of three decades of continuous racism in America. Anti-Chinese perceptions had prevailed right from the momentous migration of the Chinese throughout the period of Gold Rush. In this period, miners and prospectors placed several taxes and legislations to obstruct the success of people of Chinese origin. The increase of Chinese migration into America augmented racial apprehensions, a factor that was significantly becoming a source of serious social misunderstandings. The migration of Chinese emanate from the ground of job rivalry by the whites who perceived the Chinese as a huge threat to their jobs and financial success. Though, the perceptions towards most perspectives were more of racial than economic nature and that the introduction of economic dimensions aimed at destructing the public from the inherent racial hatred towards the Chinese people. The exclusion act was, therefore, culmination of inherent racial mistrust directed t owards Chinese immigrants and primarily intended to last a period of ten years. However, the congress prolonged period of the Act to indefinite in 1902 thus cementing the existent racial perceptions against the Chinese group. The Chinese were not quick to react to Act as majority of them conflicted the idea of oppression, and many chose to stay silent on the issue. The advent of the Second World War was a significant development in the relationship

In Chapter VI, who did the horrors of slavery affect the most Douglas, Essay

In Chapter VI, who did the horrors of slavery affect the most Douglas, Mr. Auld or Mrs. Auld - Essay Example Mr. Auld and Mrs. Auld were Douglass’s masters and Mr. Auld deprived Douglass of the right of learning to read and write which he termed as completelymisplaced Douglass (2013). Douglass had to bear with Mr. Auld’s insults, and in a section of the chapter, Mr. Auld stated that niggers should not be allowed to learn, because the overall consequences of teaching a nigger would be independence. Douglass had to put up with constant abuse from his master which completely went against his rights as a human being. Douglass’sperception of education was centered on the fact that education was a form of freedom. He did not only have to put up with the poor treatment which allowed him little or no access to vital amenities, but Mr. Auld’s new approach completely denied him the right to knowledge. Douglass experiences around the neighborhood which were graced with the images of emaciated beings in the form of Mary and Henrietta who were enslaved at the Hamilton residen ce. Such experiences must have affected Douglass’spsychology due to the uncertainties that he had to grapple with in relation to his survival and

Management theories Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management theories - Research Paper Example The behavior of organization members influences both its functioning, structure and the principles on which the organization can be managed. There has been enough evidence from the studies that human elements are the main factors in the failure or success of an organization. In most studies, it has indicated that human beings prefer to be consulted instead of receiving information or orders. Less resilience on the application of power is preferred. The elements that are the foundation of the behavioral management theory and how the theory identifies the roles and the skills of the manager are as explained below (Davies, 2010). The behavior of an individual is closely connected to that of the group to which he belongs. The person’s change in behavior is indicated by the group he belongs to, as he observes the work principles approved by the group (Brandon, 2006). Informal leadership instead of formal authority of the organization’s managers is crucial for enforcing and setting the principles of the group of performance. A manager or leader can be more acceptable to the subordinates if he applies the democratic style of leadership. Another element is participation of the employees. If the subordinates are permitted to participate in establishment of goals, there will be a positive impact on their attitude towards work. When workers are involved in designing, planning the jobs and making decisions, they will resist less, changes that are effected in the work techniques and technology (Davies, 2010). Another element is that naturally, most individuals are motivated by self-development and self-control and in this, they enjoy working. Managers ought to identify and offer essential conditions that are conducive to the adequate and proper use of the individual potential. The attitude of the manager towards the behavior of the workers should be positive. He should know that the average

Music and Movement (one full page reflection) Essay

Music and Movement (one full page reflection) - Essay Example The transition from static to dynamic balance should be gradual. Likewise, the transition from independent balancing to balancing with objects should be staged. Once a child has gained perfection in stationary balance, only then he/she should be made to practice balancing with rubber rings. Finally, practices with unstable equipments should commence. To make the session all the more interesting for the children, songs with good beat must be played. Songs that qualify include but are not limited to Everybody Dance, I’m a Little Tea Pot and Incy Wincy Spider. The child’s skill should be judged by testing his/her balancing on different levels, places and positions. Music and movement is a wonderful session for the cognitive, social, emotional and physical development of children. This activity â€Å"incorporates many basic math skills, including matching and comparing; patterning and sequencing; and counting and addition. When you add moving to the beat, you involve both body and mind† (Church, 2001). Such exercise helps the brain grow. Movement and learning are processes together in the same part of the brain. It increases the flow of blood and oxygenates the brain. This, in turn, enlightens the mood and makes an individual agile and active and enhances his/her social, emotional, physical and cognitive

In Chapter VI, who did the horrors of slavery affect the most Douglas, Essay

In Chapter VI, who did the horrors of slavery affect the most Douglas, Mr. Auld or Mrs. Auld - Essay Example Mr. Auld and Mrs. Auld were Douglass’s masters and Mr. Auld deprived Douglass of the right of learning to read and write which he termed as completelymisplaced Douglass (2013). Douglass had to bear with Mr. Auld’s insults, and in a section of the chapter, Mr. Auld stated that niggers should not be allowed to learn, because the overall consequences of teaching a nigger would be independence. Douglass had to put up with constant abuse from his master which completely went against his rights as a human being. Douglass’sperception of education was centered on the fact that education was a form of freedom. He did not only have to put up with the poor treatment which allowed him little or no access to vital amenities, but Mr. Auld’s new approach completely denied him the right to knowledge. Douglass experiences around the neighborhood which were graced with the images of emaciated beings in the form of Mary and Henrietta who were enslaved at the Hamilton residen ce. Such experiences must have affected Douglass’spsychology due to the uncertainties that he had to grapple with in relation to his survival and

Music and Movement (one full page reflection) Essay

Music and Movement (one full page reflection) - Essay Example The transition from static to dynamic balance should be gradual. Likewise, the transition from independent balancing to balancing with objects should be staged. Once a child has gained perfection in stationary balance, only then he/she should be made to practice balancing with rubber rings. Finally, practices with unstable equipments should commence. To make the session all the more interesting for the children, songs with good beat must be played. Songs that qualify include but are not limited to Everybody Dance, I’m a Little Tea Pot and Incy Wincy Spider. The child’s skill should be judged by testing his/her balancing on different levels, places and positions. Music and movement is a wonderful session for the cognitive, social, emotional and physical development of children. This activity â€Å"incorporates many basic math skills, including matching and comparing; patterning and sequencing; and counting and addition. When you add moving to the beat, you involve both body and mind† (Church, 2001). Such exercise helps the brain grow. Movement and learning are processes together in the same part of the brain. It increases the flow of blood and oxygenates the brain. This, in turn, enlightens the mood and makes an individual agile and active and enhances his/her social, emotional, physical and cognitive

My Advices to Upcoming High School Students Essay Example for Free

My Advices to Upcoming High School Students Essay If I was able to go back to my high school year, some advice that I would give to upcoming students is: join many academic activities, join lots of club to stay connect to the school, do your homework assignments and turn in the assignments on time. I am sure that if you follow at least two or three of these suggestions, you will love going to school and also have a motive to go to school every day and do your homework. When you do your assignments on time, you will receive good grades and good honors, too. Firstly, when you are able to join at least one or two academic activities after school, you have so much fun and you get to meet more and more people. The activities also help you lose weight and the best benefit is competing with others. For instance, when my sister was in the swimming team her freshman, sophomore and junior year, she was barely home. She was always busy with her swimming team and having fun swimming against other schools. After every swimming competition, she will always come home with a smile on her face and we always thought her school had won, but really they didn’t win. She told me she didn’t care about winning; the most she cared about was being able to have fun, enjoy herself, and know what her capability is. For that, I would recommend students to take after school activities and be able to learn what their body is capable of doing instead of being shy like me and not do anything except coming home and just do my everyday routine. Secondly, joining after school clubs are awesome too. You are able to connect with students and also many teachers. This is a really great opportunity to do when student’s first entering a new school because you get to know other students faster and also different teacher’s in your school. They can also write you recommendations for college too. The better the teacher knows about you, the more they can write and elaborate to the colleges about you in the recommendations. Some students join clubs to help out after school activities like sports, parent conferences, school dances, and many more. This way you are able to be known in school for being a very great and helpful student and make many friends since everybody will know you by all the support you have given. Lastly, doing your homework is the number one priority in school and in college because without doing your homework, you are not able to do after school activities and play any sports. You have to be able to do the homework and turn the homework in on time to receive full credit for a good grade. Putting all your effort into the homework may seem like it is not worth it, but afterwards, you see how far you have gone and what things you have learned thanks to all the homework and all the teachers pushing deadlines and being so strict about homework. Always do your homework no matter how hard it is because the homework is doable; you just have to put all your time and effort into it to get it done the way the teacher wants it. Heeding these tips, you are able to gain many assets and help that you will be very proud of yourself and it will always help you down the future of life. You will always need recommendations for colleges and jobs and you will be able to get that easily because of all the after school activities. You will be able to go to attend more education and do all your assignments and turn them on time because you have already been down that route already. You will also learn how to stay fit because you were able to stay fit during high school with all the academic activities and learning how to motivate yourself without anyone motivating you.

A Critical Commentary Of Voltaires Candide English Literature Essay

A Critical Commentary Of Voltaires Candide English Literature Essay Voltaires work, Candide, uses powerful satirical narrative to represent slavery in the eighteenth century, the supposed Age of Reason, and Candides epiphany, represented throughout the course of the extract. The passage follows the travels of Candide and his fellows to Buenos-Aires, in search of his beloved Cunà ©gonde. After five days of travelling, he arrives, with Cacambo, outside the town of Surinam, where they encounter a mutilated slave. The theme of slavery is represented most effectively through the descriptions given by the characters, rather than the physical description of the scene provided by the narrator. A slave or nà ¨gre is found on the ground. His physical position, à ©tendu par terre, reflects his social class and the degradation of slaves. The slaves garment, un caleà §on de toile bleue, is hardly weather-proof or durable, highlighting the poverty endured by slaves and the ruthless attitude of their masters. Voltaire withholds the name of the slave, emphasising the disregard for human life implied within society. Nà ¨gre is used to represent the entire slave population. This pejorative term further highlights societys attitude. However, it is important to note that Candide first calls him mon ami, indicating his open nature, perhaps a reflection of Voltaires opinion of slavery. Whilst the masters of slaves are very disrespectful of their slaves, the nà ¨gre calls his keeper maà ®tre, showing a profound respect. To add to masters grandeur, the slave recalls his position in society, qualifying it with the adjective fameux. In this paragraph, the depiction of slavery is brutal, with the tragedies of the workplace and punishment discussed with a banal acceptance. The language used when the slave describes how la meule nous attrape le doigt, on nous coupe la main; quand nous voulons nous enfuir, on nous coupe la jambe gives a feeling of breathlessness and the futility of his attempt to escape. This description of suffering draws accurately on legislation concerning delinquent slaves set out in in the 1685 Code Noir  [2]  .The description also draws a parallel between the relationship between the slave and his master. Voltaires use of restrictive adverbials,  [3]  such as neà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦que demonstrate the physical effects of cruelty on the slave. The language used by the slave is resigned, with a repetitive use of passive structures such as on nous. The slave then coldly states, cest à   ce prix que vous mangez du sucre en Europe. This simple statement highlights the corruption, not only in slavery, but in all levels of society. Leibnizs philosophy of Optimism is evident in the representation of slavery. The slaves resigned account shows an acceptance of life shared with those who follow the belief of Optimism. Leibniz claimed that both human and moral evils were part of a greater good  [4]  .This is further emphasised by the qualification of slavery by the mother of the slave as un honneur. The slave adds an optimistic cependant; this sudden element of bathos reinforces Pangloss meilleur des mondes outlook on life. This optimistic view, personified through Pangloss, contrasts greatly with Candides opinions after witnessing the situation. The absurdity of Optimism, with reference to the slave-trade, is shown when Cacambo asks, Quest-ce que quoptimisme? Cacambo has not used an article before optimism, emphasising how little he cares for it. With reference to the novel as a whole, Optimism is only mentioned directly within this passage. As soon as it is mentioned, it is denounced. Further to the slaves acc ount, he compares his situation with that of des chiens, des singes et des perroquets. The animals might possibly represent the different social classes within society. The passage emphasises how slavery was represented in monetary terms; the slave was sold by his mother for ten à ©cus patagons, the currency of Spain at the time. Moreover, throughout the slaves account of how he came to be in this position, it appears that slavery was represented differently in the West from the homelands of the slaves. The nà ¨gre recalls how his mother told him ils te feront vivre heureux, describing it as an honour to work for nos seigneurs, les blancs. It is interesting that the masters are classed as les Blancs. Voltaire divides society not only by social class, but also by race. It is clear that the people of Guinà ©e were disillusioned by the notion of slavery. The confusion is further emphasised by the religious theme central to the passage. The lexical field of religion emphasises the religious beliefs of the slaves, a central theme in their African culture. Evidently, the slave is religious, as he attends church tous les dimanches. However, Voltaire highlights, yet again, the corruption within society by making it clear to the reader that the slave had been converted. The Pasteur claims that they are tous enfants dAdam, blancs et noirs. This contradicts his earlier statement of the masters being les blancs. Like his clothes and culture, his religious identity has been stripped from him. Here, Voltaire is criticising the social system of the period. It is clear that the slaves are taught what they know not to be true, yet they accept it as it is the way of the world in which they live. Despite Voltaires thought-provoking depiction of slavery in the passage, it is interesting to look critically at Candides attitude to the situation. When he first encounters the slave on the road, he addresses him in a friendly manner, symbolising his naivety and lack of understanding. Voltaires portrayal of Candides naivety is referenced even in his name. Candide is taken from Latin and connotes whiteness, openness, naivety, innocence and, more negatively, inexperience and credulity.  [5]  The passive language of the slave throughout his description of his horrific ordeal is a direct juxtaposition with the raw emotion portrayed through Candides reaction. The flaws in Panglosss optimism are clearly highlighted, especially during Candides discourse. W.H Barber suggest that the characters help Voltaire in his purpose of parodying the episodic adventure novel [making it possible for the reader] to view characters and narrative as it were externally, and consequently critically to become aware of the caricature and exaggeration, the deliberate implausibilities, the bathetic contrasts  [6]  . Despite Candides denouncing of belief, he does little else to react to the situation. Candide merely begins to cry, leaving the slave where he found him. The reader criticises Candide for not helping to free the slave from his bind in society. Voltaire is provoking this response in the reader to make clear the effects of passivity. He also seems to regard the problem as so large and horrifying that [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] one can only weep and go on ones way, or presumably, continue to eat sugar with a guilty conscience.  [7]   Throughout this passage, irony plays very little part. However, other narrative techniques are employed. Personal deixis is used when Candide is talking to the slave. He asks, que fais-tu là  , mon ami, dans là ©tat horrible oà ¹ je te vois?Here it is impossible for the reader to understand the situation and the horrible state that the slave is in without reading into the context of the question. The theme of culture can be thoroughly examined in this passage. Talking en hollandais, Candide emphasises his European background compared with the African culture of the slave. Division within society is clearly illustrated when the slave tells Candide that his mutilation is the price that he has paid to eat sugar en Europe. Voltaire demonstrates that the world is divided. Interestingly, the slave understands Candides Dutch, highlighting their cultural awareness, the importance of communication and the enforcement of other cultures upon slaves. The cultural toleration of the slaves is juxtaposed with the attitude of Western civilisation. African culture appears to be more family-oriented when compared with Candides upbringing. The slave refers to his mother, ma mere, showing his respect for the advice given to him by his family. Throughout this passage of Voltaires Candide, slavery is represented in a number of ways, most notably by the description provided by the slave himself. In addition, Candides attitude highlights the philosophy of Optimism that Voltaire aims to discuss throughout the entire book. It is said that the narrative of Candide is [..] a vehicle carefully designed to convey a philosophical discussion of topical concern both to the author and reader  [8]  . In conclusion, Voltaire has employed a palette of narrative techniques to enrich this passage of the book. Word Count= 1,490 Bibliography MHRA format Barber, W.H., Studies in French Literature 5, Voltaire: Candide (London: W.H. Barber, 1960) Cronk ,Professor Nicholas, Voltaire and the Voices of Enlightenment, read by Simon Russell Beale, (BBC Radio 3, 2010) Mason,Haydn, European Masters  : Voltaire (London  : Hutchinson, 1975) Williams,David, Voltaire:Candide (London: Grant and Cutler Ltd, 1997) Voltaire, Candide, Presentation by Jean Goldzink, (Paris, Editions Flammarion, 2007)