The Legal Status Of Prostitution - 2252 Words

For many centuries, people have worked under many different professions as a way to earn a living and satisfy their needs. Over time, many of these professions have become outdated due to emerging technologies or changes in morals. One profession that has not become outdated, but rather heavily debated upon over time is prostitution, a rather taboo topic in the 21st century. Defined as â€Å"the business or practice of engaging in sexual relations in exchange for payment† (Webster). As odd as that ‘profession’ may sound to many people, prostitution has been a branch of the sex industry for countless years and, for long, has been deemed â€Å"the world’s oldest profession† (Kipling). Despite its history, prostitution has been criminalized in various†¦show more content†¦Canada case led to amendments. In 2013, the Supreme Court of Canada struck down the laws in question. The enforcement decisions were delayed for one year to give the governmen t a chance to write new laws, which came into effect in 2014. Bill C-36 now made it â€Å"legal to communicate with the intention of selling sex, in some circumstances†, a key change from previous laws, where it was illegal to negotiate the sale of sex at any time. However, it was still â€Å"illegal to purchase sexual services and sell sex in a public place†. Bill C-36 included few other amendments, however, those were also contradictory and led to sex workers criticizing the bill claiming â€Å"it’s worse for safety than previous laws because it forces the sex industry further underground† (Young). Knowing the current legal status, it is evident that prostitution must be decriminalized. To start off, criminalizing prostitution does not eradicate it in any way, shape or form. In fact, it drives the profession underground and creates an unregulated environment where women’s health and safety are at risk. Chika Unigwe recalls: â€Å"an ex-prostitute in Italy, where prostitution is illegal, told me of women who were beaten by their clients when they demanded payment or in few cases, asked to use condoms†. Ultimately, the laws that are in place have a direct correlation to the health and safety of sex workers. Prior to Bill C-36, sex worker’s ability to communicate openly with clients - including theShow MoreRelatedProstitution : The Legal Status Of Prostitution1856 Words   |  8 PagesProstitution in France In France, prostitution is legal but it may not be for much longer due to the amount of reform that has taken place over the past 70 years. Since 1946, France has slowly but steadily gone through the process of abolishing prostitution altogether with groundbreaking legislation and controversy at the focal point. Throughout history, France has been known as the model for regulatory prostitution in terms of having it be a legitimate enterprise. However, controversy and issuesRead MoreThe Legal Status Of Prostitution1460 Words   |  6 Pagesthis research, a hypothesis of answer for this research question ‘Can people attitudes on the legal status of prostitution be shaped by media representation?’ will be allocated. The hypothesis position to this question is posited as ‘an individual with less knowledge on the subject (i.e. prostitution and its legality issues) is more probable to affect by media on his or her attitude towards prostitution’. This research intends to adopt an experimental design because it deemed as an ideal researchRead MoreA Research Article On Domestic Policies And The Legal Status Of Prostitution1383 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Article Critique The research article â€Å"Does Legalized Prostitution Increase Human Trafficking† was authored by junior professors of economics Seo-Young (the University of Marburg, 2015), Alex Dreher who, is also member of Development Economics and International Economics (University Heidelberg, 2015) and at last a professor of Environment and Development Eric Neumayer ( London School of Economics and Political Science, 2015). Importantly, all the authors have conducted several researchesRead MoreCan People Attitudes On The Legal Status Of Prostitution Be Shaped By Media Representation? Essay710 Words   |  3 PagesResearch Question: Can People Attitudes on the Legal Status of Prostitution be shaped by Media Representation? Introduction: Prostitution has long been portrayed as ‘the world’s oldest profession’ in the majority of Western literatures (e.g. Snell, 1993; Bullough and Bullough, 1996; Drexler, 1996; Aspevig, 2011). For many decades, prostitution is one of the most notable public issues in the United Kingdom. With only few research (e.g. Freud and Leonard, 1991; Morse et al, 1992; McKeganey, 1994)Read MoreCan People Attitudes On The Legal Status Of Prostitution Be Shaped By Media Representation?1484 Words   |  6 Pagesthe legal status of prostitution be shaped by media representation?’. The hypothesis to question is posited as ‘an individual with less knowledge on the subject (i.e. prostitution and its legality issues) is probably influenced by media on his or her attitude towards prostitution’. This research intends to adopt an experimental design employing an ideal research method to measure individual attitude change in regards to the effects imposed by media on considering prostitution as a legal or formalRead MoreSex Sells, so Why Not Be Sold? Essay1399 Words   |  6 PagesIt is said that Prostitution is wrong because the prostitute sells his or her body. This is no different from professional athletes, they are selling their bodies. Models, sperm donors, and actors all legally consensually sell their bodies in return for a profit. Every year a prostitute is raped 19 times, kidnapped 10 times, and beaten repeatedly; yet, the prostitute is still considered the criminal. Prostitution should be decriminalized because the labor chore of prostitution is a form of workRead MoreIs Prostitution Bad or Good?1617 Words   |  6 PagesProstitution Is prostitution bad or good? Well I say it is bad because there is a lot of harm involved in this â€Å"occupation† and also it is not legal in many places to start of with. What is prostitution? Well prostitution is the business or practice of engaging in sexual relations in exchange for payment or some other way of payment. Prostitution is also sometimes described as commercial sex. Prostitution is sometimes referred to as â€Å"The worlds oldest profession†. The word â€Å"Prostitute† comes fromRead MoreShould Adult Prostitution Be Legalized?1262 Words   |  6 PagesShould adult prostitution be legalized in the United States? Prostitution is defined as the practice or occupation of engaging in sexual activity with someone for payment, (1). Prostitution to this definition is illegal in 109 countries and legal in 77, yet America doesn t fit into either of these categories. America is one of 11 countries where prostitution is restricted, however, this label can be quite misleading. American prostitution is only legal in 11 rural Nebraska counties and is completelyRead MoreThe Criminal Code And Prostitution1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe Criminal Code and Prostitution in Canada: A Historical Overview Prostitution has always been a topic of contention and controversy in Canada and other counties. Due to various perspectives on how prostitution should be addressed through law, the legal status of prostitution varies from country to country. Prostitution itself has always been legal in Canada, however many activities tied to it have been strategically criminalized by prostitution laws. Canadian prostitution laws have evolved fromRead MoreProstitution And Human Sex Trafficking1291 Words   |  6 Pagesshort in protecting ones right to rule over their own body. Prostitution, the exchanging of sexual services for payment, has been specifically outlawed by the State of New York. This direct targeting of the sex trade within New York leaves many people unprotected under the law, both in consensual prostitution and nonconsensual human sex trafficking, while greatly eliminating the potential tax revenue that would be generated. Prostitution, when involving consenting adults, is a victimle ss crime and

Dunkirk and the battle of Britain Sources Questions Free Essays

1) How useful is sources A, B and C in understanding what the battle for Dunkirk was like? Explain your answer. Source A is useful in the effect of giving us a first hand account of the events that occurred. The only problem with this source is that we don’t know if it applied to many people, or if it just applied to Commander Thomas Kerr. We will write a custom essay sample on Dunkirk and the battle of Britain Sources Questions or any similar topic only for you Order Now We also need to know the date that this source was written to find out how accurate it really is. Source B also gives us a first hand account of what happened on the beach. But also, only gives us one mans views of what he was experiencing and we don’t know how popular this sort of thing was, we would need more evidence to find out how useful this source is. Source C unfolds one mans views of a brave soldier attacking many planes. But this source may have only applied to this certain individual. After long hard thort, I have come to the conclusion that source B and C supports each other in the sense that the British army are fighting back. But sources B and C don’t support source A. 2) â€Å"Dunkirk was a great deliverance and a great disaster.† Is there any sufficient evidence in sources d-j to support this interpretation? Use the sources and your own knowledge to explain your answer. This interpretation is correct in the sense that Dunkirk was a triumph and a disaster. It was written by A.J.P Taylor. Although at the time of Dunkirk it was only seen by people as a great triumph. Only after time as historians studied sources the thought of disaster was introduced. Source D shows the beaches with people being rescued from them. It also shows plains bombing. Its factual accuracy unknown. This is because it is on its own and on its own, the source is hard to tell how accurate it actually is. Also the government used to employ artists to paint ‘glorified’ pictures of events. The painting was actually painted by a British man named Charles Cundull. If the government didn’t employ this man his versions of events would have been bias anyway. The government also stopped all paintings during the war unless they were designed specifically for positive propaganda. Source E shows thousands of troops lining up on the beaches to be picked up. This source is pretty accurate because it is a photograph and photographs don’t lie. But on the other hand we know that not all the troops were this well behaved. But because it is only a photograph we can only see one instant of time. And only gives us a glimpse of the events that unfolded. Source F shows the allied troops defending them self’s and shooting at German plains. This source is interesting because it backs up source B. this source fits in well with other sources but again, only provides us with one instant of time. Source G is a speech about the spirit of the British army. It was written by Antony Eden. He was minister of war. It was written in 1940. This speech was almost certainly written and spoke to keep moral high. We can’t exactly rely on this source due to the position that Britain was in at the time this was written. Source H is a source extracted from a British newspaper, published in 1945. The basic facts it explains are correct. What’s not accurate is the way the people felt. The way they express this is a little bit bias. this source is also for boosting moral but not as much as source G. this source tells a bit more of what the conditions are really like. Source I is a historians view of the Dunkirk operations. This sources factual accuracy is very good as far as the facts go. This was written by A.J.P Taylor, and was published in 1965. How to cite Dunkirk and the battle of Britain Sources Questions, Papers

Biomedical Engineering Vascular Resistance of the Heart

Questions: By consulting an appropriate text or on-line resource, obtain relevant data and hence estimate the vascular resistance of the following organs:1) The heart (i.e. the coronary circulation) 2) The brain 3) One kidney 4) Both kidneys 5) The liver Answers 1. Vascular resistance of the heart : The circulation of the blood in the blood vessel of the heart muscle is called coronary circulation. The role of coronary artery is to deliver oxygen rich blood to the heart muscle. To remove the blood which are deoxygenated is the role of cardiac vein. The coronary arteries are compressed by heart muscle during systole (Chilian, 2012). So the blood flow is more to left ventricle during diastole and less during systole. During systole blood flow of coronary to the right side is not affected. 2. Vascular resistance of a brain: The intracranial pressure (IPC) is increase by increasing the volume of its constituents. For increased ICP cerebrospinal fluid produces more compensation. The blood supply from vertebral arteries and internal carotid is received by the brain. Whole amount of blood of brain is very small. It is contained in the pial veins and venous sinuses. 3. Vascular resistance of one kidney: Left and right renal artery enter into the kidney. The blood present in kidney less than 0.5% of total body mass (Evans, Stevenson and Anderson, 2000). 4. Vascular resistance of both kidneys: The blood is received by the kidneys from the renal arteries. And arteries pass into the kidneys from the abdominal aorta. There are several branches in the arteries within the kidney tissues. The largest vein is inferior vena cava. It supplies the blood to heart. 22% of the cardiac out put is received by the kidneys. 5. Vascular resistance of liver: The two blood supply sources present in the liver. Oxygeneted blood is delivered by the hepatic artery. Venous blood is collected by the portal veins. References: Chilian, W. (2012).Coronary circulation. San Rafael: Morgan Claypool. Evans, R., Stevenson, K. and Anderson, W. (2000).The renal circulation. Stamford, Conn.: JAI Press.

Language Defines Gender Essays - Social Psychology, Gender Studies

Language Defines Gender Matchmaker.com: Sign up now for a free trial. Date Smarter! Language Defines Gender How do men and women communicate clearly when most of their ways of communicating are so different? In today's society language plays a key role in defining gender by phraseology, vocabulary, and also their nonverbal vocabulary. Each one of these different types of ways of communicating is prominently different between men and women. Webster's defines phraseology as "a choice and pattern of words." Many studies have been done on the differences between men and women's phraseology. It has been noted in many different studies that men tend to talk much more than women do. This was proven true in a study that Lynette Hirshman did in 1974 (Glass 33). It has also been proven that women tend to speak faster than men; this is due to the fact that women tend to be interrupted more often than men are, and also have the ability to speak more clearly, precisely, and more quickly than men can. In one study it was found that women spoke for an average of three minutes describing a painting, as opposed to the thirteen-minute average it took men to describe it. (Glass 33) Women tend to be more detailed when describing events, persons, places or things. Linguist Robin Lakoff states in her book, Language and Woman's Place, women use greater description when describing colors. (Glass 31) Women notice more detail than men causing women to be more perceptive; they notice things such as tone of voice, facial expression, and body language. Being able to pick up on those three types of communicating helps women better understand what is actually being said in a conversation. Men and women's styles of communicating are close to being directly opposites of one another. Men tend to be louder more aggressive speakers; they mumble many of their words and tend to be sloppy in their pronunciation of words. Men tend to use loudness when emphasizing words instead of inflection and pitch to emphasize points. According to Webster's, inflection is "a change in the tone of the voice," or "the change of form in a word to indicate number, case, tense, etc." (Glass 51) Women tend to use pitch and inflection more so than men do. Men have a tendency to speak in a lower tone and rarely change from that tone to any others. Women on the other hand speak in five different tones, which makes them sound more emotional. (Glass 50) Women also speak more fluidly, which makes them easier to listen to, where men use choppier more fragmented sentences. Women are more soft spoken than men are, which allows men to monopolize most conversations. (Glass 51) Men are much less verbose and they are more direct in getting their point across. Women tend to "beat around the bush" when getting a point across; this causes men to become very agitated while listening to a woman tell a story. Men talk much slower than women do and are more silent during conversational lulls. (Glass 52) Men also have a tendency to make more direct accusations and statements. (Glass 51) Men also answer questions with declaration, ("It's two o'clock."), where as women answer with a question. Men are more commanding in their style of speech, however women ask for things to be done in a more polite manner and usually in terms of endearment, ("Honey, would you please..."). (Glass 53) Men also make more declarative statements, instead women tend to make more tentative statements and use " tag endings". (Glass 53) Women would say, "Would you like to go to the beach today, but we don't have to." A man on the other hand would say, "We're goin' to the beach today." This sentence also shows that men have poor grammar, as opposed to women generally have good grammar. (Glass 53) Men also use one-word answers, rarely use conjunctions, and hardly ever use adjectives of adoration. Women tend to have lengthy responses, long sentences that are adjoined with words like"and", "but", "however", etc., and always use adjectives of adoration such as "cute", "adorable", and "sweet", etc. Men use more foul language, slang, and make simpler, more understandable requests, but women do all of these things exactly the opposite. Men, as most people know, lecture and have use more of a monologue, where as women have more of a give-and-take dialogue. (Glass 55) Men and women also tend to have a very different nonverbal way of communicating, which can also make it very hard for one another to understand what the opposite

Dog’s Death Research Paper Example

Dog’s Death Research Paper Example Dog’s Death Paper Dog’s Death Paper Essay Topic: Literature The poem Dog’s Death, written by John Updike, takes you through the emotions of the love and loss of a family dog. The author uses tone and diction to make you emotionally attached to what the family is going through. â€Å"To bite my hand and died. I stroked her warm fur. † Though surrounded by love that would have upheld her, â€Å"nevertheless she sank and, stiffening, disappeared. † (Lines 13-16). The author uses rhymes at the end of each line. This, I believe, is to up the intensity of how the dog died. He also uses antithesis, opposing words, such as ‘upheld’ and ‘sank’. The love the family has for this dog is so immense that they thought the act of caring would hopefully keep their dog hanging on until they got to the vet. Little did they know that while they were rough housing with their pet, she was slowly dying on the inside. The word choice the author uses really brings out an easier way to comprehend what is going on without actually saying it. â€Å"And her heart was learning how to lie down forever. † (Line 8). By using ‘lie down’ in this form, you then know that the dog is inevitably going to die because that’s a dog command you use on dogs to get them to rest. To say the heart is going to lie down forever, you’re able to understand that she is slowly dying. A dog will never let their loyalty to their owners down, even when it comes to circumstances such as being nearly dead. Dog’s Death really touched me when I read it for the first time. His use of imagery in this poem is very touching. He makes the reader relate to the death of the dog by showing through his words the emotions of what the dog is going through as well as what his owners are feeling. This paper will show how I think the author was trying to use imagery to show the love between the dog and his owners. The reader-response approach in literary criticism is where the author â€Å"finds a personal link or imaginative entry into a story, poem, or play† (Clugston, 2010). I believe that this approach would be the best type of literary criticism for this poem. â€Å"The author uses symbolism, empathy, and imagery designed to reveal the tone I observed. His use of personification gave the dog human like qualities. He also used the personification to stress the emotional impact that losing a loved one had on the family. It touched my heart so much because over the years, we have had 8 dogs that have passed. It is a very emotional time and I think that in this poem where he states â€Å"And my wife called in a voice imperious with tears (John Updike, 1958)†, tells how much the dog was loved by his owners. It starts when you first bring the puppy home and go through the training process. The love grows unconditionally. Like the poem states, â€Å"Too young to know much, she was beginning to learn (John Updike, 1958), she didn’t know any better to stay away from the street, so there for by being kicked or brushed by a car, no one will ever know. The puppy only knows that when she’s good, she gets praised, so she tries to impress its owners. The final lines in his poem create an initial feeling of sympathy, which is likely to become empathy if the reader reflects on the dogs predicament in not being able to communicate its final struggle. † To know that, even though the dog was deathly sick, she was still able to get to the newspaper to play (Clugston, 2010).

An Observation of the Concert Beethovens Seventh at the Rhode Island Philharmonic

An Observation of the Concert Beethoven's Seventh at the Rhode Island Philharmonic I attended the Rhode Island Philharmonic on March 16, to see the concert Beethoven’s Seventh. The concert was nearly full attendance, so probably around 1700 people were there, out of the 2000 possible seats at The Veterans Memorial Auditorium. Most, if not all, of whom seemed to be enjoying it. Samuel Barber’s Second Essay for Orchestra, Op. 17, as well as Beethoven’s Seventh Symphony, Op. 92 in A major, were both conducted by Victor Yampolsky. Yampolsky was born in the Soviet Union, to a world-renowned pianist of a father, Vladimir Yampolsky. Before leaving The Soviet Union, Victor studied violin at The Moscow Conservatory, was a member of the Moscow Philharmonic, and earned Bachelor’s Degrees in both conducting and violin performance. Since his emigration in 1973, Victor has held positions at the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Atlantic Symphony Orchestra, Boston University Tanglewood Institute, Boston University School of Music, The National Symphony Orchestra on Johannesburg, and the Chicago Civic Orchestra. The Second Essay for Orchestra was finished on March 15, 1942 by Samuel Barber. It premiered around a month later, April 16, at Carnegie Hall. Barber was born in Westchester Pennsylvania in 1910. Studying piano from the age of six, Barber had written his first composition by the age of seven. He composed a myriad of pieces over his many years composing, dying at the age of 71 in 1981. Though short, The Second Essay was quite enjoyable to hear performed. The rhythm of the piece was consistently dramatic, or grand. On the other hand, The Seventh Symphony, Op. 92 in A major was composed by Ludwig van Beethoven between 1811 and 1812 and consists of four movements. Born in 1770, Beethoven studied music from an early age, moving to Vienna at age twenty-one to study composition. Forty-one years of age at the start of its composition, Beethoven was suffering from headaches and high fevers. Prior to its composition, Beethoven had recently given up conducting in public due to his declining hea lth. The piece itself premiered in December 8, 1813, with Beethoven himself conducting it in Vienna. It was very well received, with the audience demanding an encore for the Allegretto part and Beethoven himself calling it possibly one of his best works. The drama and grandness of the Seventh Symphony often leave an impact on listeners. Allegretto is the favorite of the piece’s four movements, according to popular opinion or a count of demanded encores. That being said, my favorite movements of the performance was the first, Poco Sostenuto Vivace. While it begins slower in the ‘poco sostenuto’ part, it quickly transitions into what is called the ‘vivace’ part. This part of the movement is specifically what I enjoyed, its dancing, progressive rhythms and changes of key were pleasing to listen to.

MicroL16 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MicroL16 - Essay Example Still, it seems likely to be a reasonable assumption to help understand market behavior. Industries in which there are many producers and in which it is difficult to differentiate between goods from individual producers, baking potatoes for example, it is likely that assuming the market is perfectly competitive can yield a reasonably accurate understanding of the way the market works. For markets, however, in which there are a limited number of producers and in which the costs to enter the market are high, or where the government restricts entry, it does not seem a reasonable assumption. Electric power, for instance, is often only available within a community from a single commercial producer. While there may be some alternatives available to consumers, such as buying their own generators or banks of solar cells, for all but the most committed, the price of these alternatives is so high as to make them non-viable. Clearly, for a market like this, assuming competitive behavior is not reasonable. 2. Profits. In a competitive market in long term equilibrium, no firm can make an â€Å"economic profit†Ã¢â‚¬â€that is, have revenues in excess of costs, including â€Å"normal profit.† This is because economic profit will provide an incentive to other firms to enter the marketplace, shifting the industry supply curve and driving down the price until there is no longer an economic profit. In the short term, a firm may enjoy economic profits in the following three ways. The first way is when a firm might innovate in a way that drives down its costs of production. While other firms work to catch up, the innovative firm can enjoy economic profit. The second way is when a firm might innovate in a way that favorably differentiates its product from others, again allowing it to earn economic profit while other firms worked to match it. The third way is when an external event occurs, such as perhaps the introduction of a new complementary good, which might shift t he demand curve for the good in question, allowing the entire industry to experience short term economic profits until more firms were able to enter the market and increase supply. 3. Shutdown point for a firm. In the short run, a firm should keep operating as long as its average variable costs are less than the price of its product. This is because total revenue will cover the variable costs. Since, in the short run, fixed costs are not avoidable they should not be considered. In the long run, the firm cannot continue to operate at a loss. This means that a firm should shut down and leave the industry if, over the long run, average total costs will exceed price. 4. Long-Run Cost Curve, Economies of Scale and Firm Size. A firm is enjoying economies of scale when long-run (i.e., all inputs variable) average costs decrease as the number of units produced by the firm increases. As demand for the product increases, a firm in this position is likely to be able to meet the additional dema nd at a lower cost than a new firm entering the market, providing the existing firm with a competitive advantage. To the degree the firms in an industry experience economies of scale, there will likely be fewer firms (i.e., increased concentration) then there would in an industry where firms were experiencing decreased returns to scale Taken to the extreme, an existing firm with a continuously declining long-run cost curve would be in a

Fundacin Chile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fundacin Chile - Essay Example In 1997 Dr. Eduardo Bitran assumed the office as general director of Fundacin Chile. He faced the difficult task of administering the institution, which was constituted as a private non-profit institution with 50% state ownership. One of the most innovative mechanisms that the foundation used, unique in Chile and probably in Latin America, was to create new businesses as a main means to diffuse and transfer technology. Dr. Bitran played a major role in Chile's economic development. , Chile had managed to keep to its course and to maintain growth and stability amidst enormous turbulence, in a period of economic decline that had affected all of Latin America. Recognition of the importance of new knowledge as the base of future businesses was gaining importance and Venture capital funds became the focus. Local innovation clusters were formed around the wine and salmon industries, and specialized fruit production was beginning to reveal the benefits of biotechnology and sophisticated pro duction methods. Immediate challenge for Dr. Bitran was to identify the path and direction for Fundacin Chile. His main challenge would be administer the institution to generate social benefits, as required by the mission entrusted to it as a quasi-public entity, while at the same time acting as a private business to obtain the necessary resources that would permit it to grow and develop. Fundacin Chile's promoted innovation and technology transfer emphasizing agribusiness, forestry and marine resources. It followed several modalities like demonstration businesses, technology transfer groups, training and diffusion, and providing services such as consulting to quality control. Chile encouraged the participation from its associates and strategic allies both national and international; financing originating from the private sector was diminishing with time, while that obtained through state grants increased. Financing provided by sales of services to the public sector had not changed for several years. Fundacin Chile, besides creating innovative business and developing the programs mentioned, began to develop financial innovations for the national market. The institution sought, with these innovations, to more efficiently mobilize savings for investment in the sectors in which Fundacin worked. The foundation also created a venture capital fund for regional investments in medium-size growth businesses and new projects. Besides these venture capital funds, the foundation also fulfilled a seed financing role for innovative projects originating within the institution. Fundacin Chile was structured in four sectoral directorates: agro-industry, marine resources, secondary wood products, and forestry. The operational model was re-defined to distinguish and specify the concepts of technological centre, business units, companies and endowment management, establishing differences in objectives and in plans of management and interaction among the

The Bildungsroman in Victorian Novels Essay Example for Free

The Bildungsroman in Victorian Novels Essay The Bildungsroman Genre. The narrative mode Dickens has adopted aligns his novel with the Bildungsroman  genre of literature. The term  Bildungsroman  is a German word meaning novel of formation or education novel. A  Bildungsroman  novel frequently puts an emphasis on the moral and psychological development of its protagonist. Morality is an important theme in  Great Expectations, one of the episodes of  Great Expectations  which illustrates the conventions of the  Bildungsroman form is the storys opening which immediately establishes the protagonists orphaned status with the young Pip contemplating the graves of his dead parents. The figure of the orphan illustrates Dickenss innovative engagement with the  Bildungsroman  genre, as Pip could be viewed as a blank slate, or tabula rasa, in that his mind isnt informed by any external psychological influence from his parents. Instead his shrewish older sister and her husband, the kindly and unassuming blacksmith Joe Gargery, are raising him. Initially Pip is content with his humble surroundings, although his class-consciousness receives a rude awakening on his first visit to Satis House. Here he encounters Miss Havisham and her ward Estella, the latter of whom takes delight in continually reminding the protagonist of his lowly status. When Estella remarks on Pips coarse hands and thick boots, and his habit of calling knaves Jacks when they are playing cards together, she is expressing her contempt of his background. Even though Pip is hurt by her taunts, he still becomes infatuated with Estella, and it is this attraction which triggers his own animosity towards his origins. Sometime after Pip has come of age and has been working in the forge with Joe, the lawyer Jaggers informs him of an anonymous benefactor who wishes to make the protagonist a gentleman. Incorrectly Pip assumes this benefactor to be Miss Havisham, and starts to entertain the belief that the old spinster intends him for Estella. This episode heralds a great advance in the protagonists own snobbery and delusion, as he sets off for London, putting his origins in the Kent marshlands behind him. While Pip is enjoying the leisurely life of a gentleman in the capital, he receives a letter from his old acquaintance Biddy, stating that Joe has come up to London and would like to visit him. Pips disdain for the blacksmith is revealed in his reservations concerning such a prospect: If I could have kept him away by paying money, I certainly would have paid money . When the protagonist returns to his hometown for his sisters funeral, his snobbery is further evinced on his insistence at staying in the Blue Boar inn in town, as opposed to the forge with Joe. His actions are evidence of the  Bildungsroman  narratives preoccupation with moral and psychological development. Pips final exchange of wealth and status for friendship and humility indicate how he has matured as a protagonist. On the other hand, the novel by Thomas Hardy, Tess of the D’urbervilles, has not made any case for the novel’s being a Bildungsroman. Tess has been called a â€Å"fundamentally changeless† ballad heroine; her story has been referred to as â€Å"mythological† a â€Å"personification of rural Wessex† a representation of the agricultural community in its moment of ruin†. However, categorising and allegorizing Tess’s story, it is possible to lose sight of the novel’s unrelenting focus on Tess the individual as she attempts to make something of her life. Holding that the novel â€Å"develops a single theme, the life-history of one person, and sends this uninterrupted forward†. Thomas Hardy, in his time plan for the novel, graphically stressed the centrality of Tess’s experience as he carefully noted the dates of the novel’s events in relation to Tess’s age. What Tess attempts to do during the brief portion of her life dramatized by Hardy makes her story one of coming of age, in other words, the novel ought to be viewed as a Bildungsroman.

Susan DElia Speech 214: The Rhetoric of Reggae Music Spring 2002 :: essays papers

Susan D'Elia Speech 214: The Rhetoric of Reggae Music Spring 2002 Women’s Fashion in Jamaican Dancehalls â€Å"A woman has to use what she’s got to get just what she want.† -- James Brown Actress Audrey Reid does just that as the character Marcia in the Jamaican film â€Å"Dancehall Queen.† Reid plays a street vendor and single mother of two daughters struggling to give her family a better life. Poverty stricken, Marcia is forced to rely on her sugar daddy â€Å"Larry,† to feed her family and put her daughters through school. Unfortunately the price to pay is her fifteen-year-old daughter’s virginity. Appalled at how low they must stoop just to get by, Marcia decides to transform herself into a seductive dancehall girl in hopes of finding an alternative way to provide for her family. The new Marcia makes quite an impression on the men of the Kingston nightclub. When she is disguised in her dancehall costume Larry falls in love with her and showers her with expensive gifts. She is also invited to compete in a profitable dance-off against the reigning Dancehall Queen. The film ends with Marcia’s triumph, and she is awarded a large sum of money. Although this film is a highly romanticized story of a single mother rising to the title of â€Å"Dancehall Queen,† it gives an accurate portrait of the atmosphere of a Jamaican dancehall, as well as capturing the independent, strong spirit of Jamaican women. â€Å"Too many young girls in Jamaica feel trapped by dirty old men who convince them that life offers no alternatives but a future in bed with them,† explains the film’s writer and editor Suzanne Fenn. â€Å"The sub-plot in â€Å"Dancehall Queen† might be unpalatable but it’s based on a prevalent reality.† Although the film has endured some criticism, the film’s after-after party at Kingston’s Club Mirage proved that Dancehall Queen isn’t â€Å"the invention of a perverted production team in search of celluloid satisfaction. Real-life dancehall queens stroked their crotches, winded their hips and rubbed their well-oiled buttocks† (St. Hill). â€Å"Although the dancehall scene is a male dominated one, it is the female, like a queen, who reigns supreme† (www.ppreggae.com) Covering reggae history, respectively, â€Å"Reggae Songbirds† and â€Å"Dancehall Queens† offer a fairly comprehensive overview of the contributions of women in reggae. The dancehall has become a form of a message center for Jamaican people, no matter where they are within the social structure of the island.

Middle Class Women in 19th Century American Society Essay

Women were always faced specifically in history by men until they became equal to them. In the story â€Å"The yellow wallpaper† the author Charlotte Perkins Gilman says some things about the way women were treated by men back then in the 19th century. Women’s roles and place in the 19th century American society are very humiliating, rational for this society and weird. Women back then were treated as â€Å"something† not as â€Å"someone† that is to say useless beings, that do not have brains. The yellow wallpaper symbolizes something that impacts her instantly. Through the yellow wallpaper we can see that the woman is soiled and ripped just like the dirty yellow wallpaper â€Å"It is the strangest yellow, that wall-paper! It makes me think of all the yellow things I ever saw – not beautiful ones like buttercups, but old foul, bad yellow things† (Charlotte Perkins Gilman, part 6, page 11). Moreover Gilman uses the woman who is affected by the yellow wallpaper to show that women in that time were trapped an inner world, which was the main reason for their insanity â€Å"I didn’t realize for a long time what the thing was that showed behind, that dim sub-pattern, but I now I am quite sure it is a woman.† (Charlotte Perkins Gilman, part 6, page 10). The yellow wallpaper also shows that were oppressed by their husband so much that in order to escape from this reality, they devised situations and things that later would make them worse â€Å"At nigh t in any kind of light, in twilight, candle light, lamplight, and worst of all by moonlight, it becomes bars! The outside pattern I mean, and the woman behind it is as plain as can be† (ibid). There are three themes in the story â€Å"The yellow wallpaper†. The first theme is the subordination of women in marriage. From this theme the author is trying to show to the reader the way women were treated back then. Women were treated and seen from men as brainless children that needed supervision and special care â€Å"He is very careful and loving, and hardly lets me stir without special direction. I have a schedule prescription for each hour in the day† (Charlotte Perkins Gilman, part 1, page 2). Moreover Gilman uses the conventional marriage in the 19th century to ensure that women remained second-class citizens. â€Å"John laughs at me, of course, but one expects that in marriage† (Charlotte Perkins Gilman, part 1, page 1). Furthermore men kept women in a childish state of ignorance and didn’t let them fully develop â€Å"I have a schedule prescription for each hour in the day†(Charlotte Perkins Gilman, part 1, page 2) and â€Å"There comes John, and I must put this away, — he hates to have me write a word† (Charlotte Perkins Gilman, part 1, page 3). Finally men assumed that because of their superior wisdom and maturity, which led to misjudgment, patronization and domination of their women, they were the right people that could help their ‘sick’ wives â€Å"John does not know how much I really suffer. He knows there is no reason to suffer, and that satisfies him† (Charlotte Perkins Gilman, part 2, page 3) and â€Å" But John says if I feel so, I shall neglect proper self-control; so I take pains to control myself – before him, at least, and that makes me very tired† (Charlotte Perkins Gilman, part 1, page 2). The second theme that the author Charlotte Perkins Gilman uses to show the position of women in 19th century American society is the importance of self-expression. The mental restrictions upon the women are the reason for driving them insane â€Å"There comes John, and I must put this away, — he hates to have me write a word â€Å" (Charlotte Perkins Gilman, part 1, page 3) and â€Å"So I take phosphates or phospites – whichever it is, and tonics, and journeys, and air, and exercise, and am absolutely forbidden to â€Å"work† until I am well again† (Charlotte Perkins Gilman, part 1, page 1). Middle class women most of the times are forced to hide their fears and anxieties and try to maintain the faà §ade of a successful marriage in order to feel that they are winning the fight against depression â€Å"He is very careful and loving, and hardly lets me stir without special direction† (Charlotte Perkins Gilman, part 1, page 2) and â€Å"No wonder t he children hated it! I should hate it myself if I had to live in this room long. There comes John, and I must put this away, — he hates to have me write a word† (Charlotte Perkins Gilman, part 1, page 3). What is more is that men are forcing women to become totally passive by forbidding them to exercise their mind â€Å"So I take phosphates or phospites – whichever it is, and tonics, and journeys, and air, and exercise, and am absolutely forbidden to â€Å"work† until I am well again† (Charlotte Perkins Gilman, part 1, page 1). As a Gilman says â€Å"a mind that is kept in a state of forced inactivity is doomed to self-destruction†. The third theme that the author Charlotte Perkins Gilman uses in order to show the role of women in the 19th century American society is the evils of the â€Å"resting cure†. Gilman wanted to illustrate through the story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† the way a mind, which is already poisoned with anxiety and fear can deteriorate when it is forced into inactivity and it is kept from healthy work. Mitchell took seriously Gilman’s criticism and stopped the â€Å"resting cure†. Gilman criticizes any form of medical treatment that is done to the patient by ignoring his concerns, considering also herself as a passive object of treatment â€Å"So I take phosphates or phospites – whichever it is, and tonics, and journeys, and air, and exercise, and am absolutely forbidden to â€Å"work† until I am well again† (Charlotte Perkins Gilman, part 1, page 1) and â€Å"John says I mustn’t lose my strength, and has me take cod liver oil and lots of tonics and things, to say nothing of ale and wine and rare meat† (Charlotte Perkins Gilman, part 3, page 7). Women in the 19th century American society often remain silent when the man talks â€Å"Better in body perhaps – â€Å"I began, and stopped short, for he sat up straight and looked at me with such a stern, reproachful look that I could not say another word† (Charlotte Perkins Gilman, part 3, page 9). Finally men mostly infantilize women, because they think women are children and brainless â€Å"Then he took me in his arms and called me a blessed little goose† (Charlotte Perkins Gilman, part 2, page 3). All in all women are seen by men as children that don’t have a brain and need help and supervision from a smart person (man). Women’s role in 19th century American society is not the same with men, who are the ones that control and hear to whatever men say. Men used their smartness in order to help â€Å"sick† women overcome their sickness, but this led to the misjudgment, patronization and domination of women. Finally women weren’t let to write nor read anything that looked like a book, in order to not smart and educated and get away from the control of men.

The Mount Pinatubo Case Study

case study mount pinatubo THE MOUNT PINATUBO ERUPTION 1991 the mount pinatubo eruption was the second largest eruption of this century and by far the largest eruption affecting a densely populated area. the eruption occurred at mount pinatubo in the philippines on june 15 1991. in march and april 1991 magma rising towards the surface from more than 30 km below pinatubo started making small earthquakes and caused small powerful steam explosion that opened three craters on the north flank of the volcano. thousands of small earthquakes occurred   and many tons of gas were also emitted by the volcano. rom june 7 to june 12 the magma reached the surface of mount pinatunbo. because of the gas pressure the magma erupted out with an amazing strength but did not cause an explosive eruption because it just formed a lava dome. on june 12 tons of gas charged magma reached the top of the volcano and erupted with the very first proper eruption. when even more magma reached the top the volcano er upted in a cataclysmic eruption on june 15. the eruption ejected more than 5 cubic kilometers of material. the ash cloud reached the height of 35 km in the sky. blanket of ash covered all the land around pinatubo. fine ash flew thousands of kilometers away reaching also the inidian ocean. massive avalanches of hot ash rolled down the sides of pinatubo. the eruption removed so much material from the volcano that the volcano collapsed and from a clad era of 2. 5 km. many hazards occurred with the volcano. the eruption produced high speed avalanches of hot gas and ash ( pyroclastic flows) giant mudflows (lahars) and a cloud of volcanic ash covering hundred of miles across. early 20 millions tons of sulfur dioxide were blown in the air and were dispersed around the world causing an increase   in temperature of around 0. 5 degrees. Mt ST HELENS ERUPTION mt st helens is a strata volcano located in the state of washinghton, US the eruption caused many hazards and many impacts on people e nvirmoent and economy. the earthquake on may 18 lead to a series of events:a 5. 1 earthquake was caused by the massive eruption the bulge of the volcano slid away, resulting in a huge avalanche of rock and mud that filled 24 squares miles of a valley. he eruption real eased a massive cloud of ash and pumice. the effect of the eruption also included: the volcano was reduced of 1300 feet, ash fell miles away from the eruption, the eruption lasted over 9 hours,. around 60 people lost their lives . over 250 square miles of land were destroyed by all the eruption hazards. countless animals were killed. as in all the volcanoes the first signs of eruption were given by an increase in small earthquakes near the volcano area. this showed that the pressure inside the volcano chamber was increasing. oon lines of weakness were created by the earthquakes on the top of the mountain. earthquakes were many especially under the north flank of the volcano. in fact the first eruption was from the summ it rather than from the flank. on the 27th of march this small eruption kept going. the volcano was mainly gas and ash and a small cloud of material was sent up over the cone. this stage was a Vulcanian type of eruption. but because the size of the eruption was small the ash fell down on the ground close to the summit and the main effect was simply to blacken the snow fields. he cause of these small eruptions was probably water from ice fields ending in the hot rock below and transforming suddenly into steam, throwing materials around. as the days went by a large bulge started forming across the north flank , about 2km across, separate from the central vent. it showed that the material blocking the central vent was stuck fast and that the magma was seeking a way out through the north flank. the earthquakes had weakened all the north flank more than any other part of the cone. on may 18 at 8 a. m the entire north flank of the volcano dropped down in a massive landslide of 2 cubic kil ometers of rock. ow with nothing to hold in place the magma and the gas , the gas rich magma exploded in a gigantic eruption. in fact the landslide was shattered in many parts by the explosion so that a mixture of rock fragments and gas was formed. this type of eruption was now a pelean type, and the pyroclastic flows were able to flow 250 kmh. part of this pyroclastic flow went near by spirit lake throwing out the water entirely from the lake. the blast demolished the huge dorset that lay on the north side of the volcano, leveling everything over an area of 550 square kilometers. lose to the volcano the blast of the explosion was so strong that trees were simply blown away. in total some 10 millions trees were destroyed. ash was deposited miles away and the town of yakima was covered in ash. in the following days of the eruption very sticky laval began to flow into the new crater, building up a lava dome on the crater floor. all the snow and glaciers on the mountains were turned in to steam and they were now coming back on the ground as torrential rainfall. the rain swept most of the ash in the nearby rivers , causing flooding and at the same time silting them up.

Biography of Musical Inventor Joseph H Dickinson

Biography of Musical Inventor Joseph H Dickinson Joseph Hunter Dickinson contributed several improvements to different musical instruments. Hes particularly known for improvements to player pianos that provided better actuation (the loudness or softness of the key strikes) and could play the sheet music from any point in the song. In addition to his accomplishments as an inventor, he was elected to the Michigan legislature, serving from from 1897 to 1900. The Life of Joseph H. Dickinson Sources say Joseph H. Dickinson was born in Chatham, Ontario, Canada on June 22, 1855, to Samuel and Jane Dickinson. His parents were from the United States and they returned to settle in Detroit in 1856 with the infant Joseph. He went to school in Detroit. By 1870, he had enlisted in the United States Revenue Service and served on the revenue cutter Fessenden for two years. He was hired at age 17 by the Clough Warren Organ Company, where he was employed for 10 years. This company was one of the largest organ makers in the world at that time and  made over 5,000 ornate inlaid-wood organs per year from 1873 to 1916. Some of their organs were purchased by Queen Victoria of England and other royalty. Their Vocalion instrument was a leading church organ for many years. They also began to manufacture pianos under the brand names of Warren, Wayne, and Marville. The company later switched to manufacturing phonographs. During his first stint  at the company, one of the large combination organs Dickinson designed for Clough Warren won a prize at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. Dickinson married Eva Gould of Lexington. He later formed the Dickinson Gould Organ Company with this father-in-law. As part of an exhibit on the accomplishments of black Americans, they sent an organ to the New Orleans Exposition of 1884. After four years, he sold his interest to his father-in-law and went back to the Clough Warren Organ Company. During his second stint with Clough Warren, Dickinson filed his numerous patents. These included improvements for reed organs and volume-controlling mechanisms. He was not the first inventor of the player piano, but he did patent an improvement that allowed the piano to start playing at any position on the music roll. His roller mechanism also allowed the piano to play its music in forward or reverse. Additionally, he is regarded as the main contributing inventor of the Duo-Art reproducing piano. He later served as superintendent of the Aeolian Companys experimental department in Garwood, New Jersey. This company was also one of the largest piano manufacturers of its time. He received over a dozen patents during these years, as player pianos were popular. Later, he continued to innovate with phonographs. He was elected to the Michigan House of Representatives as a Republican candidate in 1897, representing the first district of Wayne County (Detroit). He was re-elected in 1899. Joseph H. Dickinsons Patents #624,192, 5/2/1899, Reed Organ#915,942, 3/23/1909, Volume-controlling means for mechanical musical instruments#926,178, 6/29/1909, Volume-controlling means for mechanical musical instruments#1,028,996, 6/11/1912, Player-piano#1,252,411, 1/8/1918, Phonograph#1,295,802. 6/23.1916 Rewind device for phonographs#1,405,572, 3/20/1917 Motor drive for phonographs#1,444,832 11/5/1918 Automatic musical instrument#1,446,886 12/16/1919 Sound box for sound-reproducing machines#1,448733 3/20/1923 Multiple-record-magazine phonograph#1,502,618 6/8/1920 Player piano and the like#1,547,645 4/20/1921 Automatic musical instrument#1.732,879 12/22/1922 Automatic piano#1,808,808 10/15/1928 Music roll magazine

Why having a 4 year Business Degree is important in Running a business Essay

Why having a 4 year Business Degree is important in Running a business - Essay Example Companies are starting to make out that states halfway in the region of the world are feasible and frequently untapped consumer bases. Businesses are employing the internet and additional technologies to attract their consumers and frequently expand their neighborhood processes into worldwide ones (Pollard et al, 2004). Specialized administration, management and guidance capabilities are desirable to guide corporations and businesses that carry out business on a worldwide scale. Worldwide business managers have need of powerful communication knowledge (frequently they have to be bi- or multilingual), an indebted of the global financial system, that would be recognizable by computer and infrastructure technology, recognize the dissimilarity among societies that would able to be a stumbling mass for building global businesses. Mostly managers of worldwide businesses hold a 4 Year business degree or equivalents master of business administration degree by means of a focus on global trade or business (Stewart et al, 2001). A four year business degree offers an extensive experience to all the vital elements that create an organization task well. It does not offer the specialization that additional targeted degrees get done (such as accounting or finance), however is helpful in its generalist approach of providing knowledge. We obtain an indication of a lot of functions in the business world and foundation our studies on how these tasks work together (Pollard et al, 2004). Some business degrees engage working by statistics and arithmetical analysis, so we should be calm with math. We should as well have the potential to see the huge picture when it approaches to organizational arrangement, taking into deliberation the features of the group, bearing in mind the unprocessed resources or uneven data, and developing strategy to progress projects ahead.

Business Scenarios Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business Scenarios - Essay Example Moreover, it appears that he is in school just to pass time. One strategy to assist in seeking a solution to the predicament is informing the teacher because he or she may understand why the student lacks interest in education. Apparently, family issues can be the reason behind the student’s lack of interest in education. Since students are afraid to share their problems with their fellow students, the teacher will be of substantial help because students feel free to share their problems with teachers as opposed to their fellow students. Another strategy that may work is trying to inquire from the student the reasons for showing minimal commitment to work. By doing so, a student may reveal his problems and the students can devise a way of assisting the student in eliminating his problem. However, the best solution to curb the problem is referring the student to the school’s counselor. As stated earlier, family issues may be the reason why the student fails to value education. The counselor would be of immense help because they can interact with the student and know the problem. Moreover, they can advise the student on appropriate ways to eliminate the problem at

Debating Same-Sex Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Debating Same-Sex Marriage - Essay Example In this essay, the researcher shall portray the reasons as to why individuals would be for or against same-sex marriages before he gives a brief statement on what the society should opt for. Many arguments have been shot to support same-sex marriages that include homosexuals and lesbianism. Arguments have hit debates that since there is no evidence that same-sex parents are not poorer than heterosexual parents and that different individuals make more stable couples and that they do not have any impact on parenting abilities, they, therefore, are relatively better than heterosexual couples. Others have argued that same-sex marriages are unrelated to polygamous relationships which make it considerably a better way to escape cheating and unfaithful couples in marriage. Opponents to same-sex marriages have stated that marriage is traditionally meant to be a union of one man and one woman, homosexual and lesbianism unions can be classed with polygamy as it goes against the definition. Rel igious opponents have stipulated that God created the marriage institution for the purpose of procreation. Same-sex married couples cannot reproduce. This argument is based on the concept that God exists. However, giving this a second thought the ability of same-sex couples to reproduce is not entirely a problem because we have encountered heterosexual couples that are not able to reproduce and are comfortable with it. The society should, therefore, provide gay couples with similar legal and social identities allow them to access the advice of law and equal judgments upon it so as to avoid infringing upon rights of others. Gay marriages should be allowed to enjoy the same privileges’ enjoyed by the majority because only minorities differ from the rest due to the fact that these individuals are computed in terms of feelings and relationship.

How has your understanding of ethnocentrism shaped your understanding Essay

How has your understanding of ethnocentrism shaped your understanding of the field of Sociology - Essay Example The concept of ethnocentrism arises from the deepest thoughts and understanding of people belonging to one culture about the culture of other people. The distinct ideas, living standards, traditions, moral values and norms of other cultures seem unacceptable and inferior to them. The basic reason of this irrational judgment about other’s culture lies in the fact that people tend to measure and observe cultures from their preset standards of their own. They tend to measure and evaluate every customer and practice of other cultures from their own perspectives about the issues as they learned from their own culture. Hence, observing other’s from the viewpoint of one’s own cultural perspective may define the concept of ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism does not let a person view things and the world around them form other’s point of view. It, hence, acts as a hurdle in the way of understanding others. In today’s globalized environment, ethnocentrism may pose a threat to the peace and collaborative struggles of people working, living or studying together. Ethnocentric approach provides a one-sided view of everything and hence, the judgments made using this approach are narrow-minded and have limited scope.

Fragrance Advertising and Brand Study

Fragrance Advertising and Brand Study INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT What is Brand? â€Å"Brand is the personality that identifies a product, service or company (name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or combination of them) and how it relates to customers.† Brand is a name or symbol that is commonly known to identify a company or its products and separate them from the competition. A well-known brand is generally regarded as one that people will recognise, often even if they do not know about the company or its products/services. These are usually the businesses name or the name of a product, although it can also include the name of a feature or style of a product. Brand Positioning In marketing, positioning has come to mean the process by which marketers try to create an image or identity in the minds of their target market for its product, brand, or organization. Also positioning is defined as the way by which the marketer creates impression in the customers mind. The task of the marketer is to mould consumer perceptions so as to occupy the desired position for his brand. Perceptions or brand positions can be changed even if the product is the same; this is known as repositioning of a brand. Positioning has four components. The first component is the product class or the product category in which the brand is to operate. The second is the consumer segmentation. It is impossible to think of a position for a brand without, at the same time, considering the segment for which offers benefits that other brands do not. The third is the mapping of the brand in the consumer mind. Brand benefits and attributes make up the fourth component of positioning. A consumer can allot a position in her mind only to a brand whose benefits are meaningful to her. The search for vacant positions in the market must be conducted with reference to the product benefits and the preferred importance of such benefits. The position that we seek in a consumers mind is based upon the knowledge of the consumers perception of the product category. What is the imprint of the various brand in the Definition from Wikipedia The position that we seek in a consumers mind is based upon the knowledge of the consumers perception of the product category. What is the imprint of the various brand in the consumers mind? Is there a vacant position? The answers lead us to a product concept and the emotional or psychological values which it must offer. The position which a brand seeks in the target customers mind is influenced by its functional features or attributes. The attribute must be such as to make the position credible. The position of the brand is also influenced by its non- functional features comprising functional as well as emotional or psychological values. Positioning is the pursuit of differential advantage. One of the major contribution of positioning theory to marketing strategy has been to bring out the concept of dissimilarity between the brands in the minds of target consumers and to uncover the many opportunities for such perceived differentiation based upon the capabilities of the product. Who am I? What am I? For whom am I? Why me? The answers to these would determine the brands position in the mind of the consumers. Except for the most basic necessities, consumers buy product both for their functional benefits and their symbolic meanings. Consumers prefer to buy those products and brands that match best with their image of themselves. Brands can be, and are likened to people; they acquire human characteristics. This is known as brand personality. It refers to the symbolic and emotional characteristics of a brand. Positioning is something (perception) that happens in the minds of the target market. It is the aggregate perception the market has of a particular company, product or service in relation to their perceptions of the competitors in the same category. It will happen whether or not a companys management is proactive, reactive or passive about the on-going process of evolving a position. But a company can positively influence the perceptions through enlightened strategic actions. COMPANY PROFILE McNroe Consumer Products Pvt Ltd 14,Netaji Subhas Road. Kolkata Phone- +91 33 22102095 Website-www.mcnroe.com Vision To become the most admirable grooming and lifestyle brand in India. The booming young adult population with high disposable income is more conscious of the latest trends than ever before. Keeping pace with changing times, the company is sharply focused to create and offer great products to the Indian Youth. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND The company was originated in the year 1986 as McNROE Chemicals. Promoted by Mr. N.K Daga. He is currently a Director in the company. McNROE Chemicals was incorporated as McNROE Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. On 26th July 1996. In September, 2009 the name of the Company changed as â€Å"McNROE Consumer Products Pvt. Ltd. with a view to reflect the aspiration to be a personal care Company. The company operates on a sound understanding of fragrance and its relevance to customers. The business of the Company grew in size and stature and in first 10 years of its business successfully expanded the area of distribution of its products to the states of Eastern North East India and North Central India. PRESENT STATUS Presently the company is a 140 crore company. The companys distribution network spans across Dealers, sales agents, CF agents and Super Stockist. Company brands are distributed across the country through a team of 1200 distributors covering 380000 Retail outlets. The Company has its manufacturing units in the state of Uttaranchal. The company is currently building capability to enter and serve Modern Trade Outlets. The marketing strategy of the company has been consulted by the Future Brands. MAJOR BRANDS HEAVENS GARDEN Products- Talcum Powder, Skin Care (Anti septic Cream, cold cream, moisturizing lotion) SECRET TEMPTATION (Female Range) Products- Talcum powder, perfumeries (perfumes deodorants) WILD STONE (Male Range) Products- Talcum Powders, perfumeries (perfumes deodorants), Skin care products (Shaving cream, After shave lotion, Shaving brush, Soap) Premium range of cosmetics is marketed under the brand name SECRET TEMPTATION and WILDSTONE for female and male range respectively. Mass family segment is marketed under the brand name HEAVENS GARDEN. The range of products of company include talcum powder, cold cream, anti septic cream, deodorant, spray perfume, moisturizing lotion, After Shave Lotion, Soap. INTRODUCTION TO THE BRAND WILD STONE Living life on the edge can be intensely pleasurable. Wild Stone is for the man who enjoys unshackled pleasure Wild Stone is a quintessentially male brand, providing personal care products for young Indian males. Rough and rugged, it does away with the controlled norms of social interaction, taking contact between men and women to an elemental, instinctual level. Wild Stone bases its products on the changing needs of Indias youth. Wild Stone answers the need for fragrance on the go, with its Deodorants and Perfumes. The strong fragrances are ideally suited for Indian weather conditions. Soaps and shaving products complete a mans personal care ritual. With a wide range of fine fragrances, Wild Stone offers an international experience to its users. The brand was started in the year 2005, targeting the middle class working people. Their products are targeted at the uber-masculine male â€Å"who loves living life on the edge†. Wild Stone markets itself as the masculine and mysterious brand in the Indian market. The brand is targeted at male aged 22-28. All its campaigns revolve around this central theme of seduction where girls make the first move. The feeling of being seduced gives a big boost of self confidence to a man. Along with these, the brand also ensures that customers are constantly engaged with new fragrances and campaigns. The company started the brand with a tagline â€Å"Wild by nature†. They moved on to the â€Å"Barely Legal† tagline which was more subtle and had sexual Undertones. Now the brand has again a new Tagline â€Å"It happens†. The new tagline gives a message that Wild Stone man doesnt have to Try Too Hard†. Brand anchor is â€Å"Dangerous Liaisons† and the brand destination is to become â€Å"The iconic Indian Male Fantasy brand that owns the space of Indian sensuality†. Wild Stone has grown rapidly over the last two years, to emerge as the number three brand in the fastest growing FMCG category today. It is the top brand in several states, has achieved universal awareness. With a clearly differentiated position, and strong growth across categories, Wild Stone is set for success. Wild Stone has become one amongst the top three brands in the Indian deodorant market within few years of its launch. Wild Stone deodorant has a national market share of 7.4%. PRODUCTS Deodorants TalcShaving cream Soap Aftershave Lotion DEODORANTS Night Rider Green, aromatic,floral, woody, musky Wild Stone Wild Stone Aqua Fresh Citrus, spicy, floral, ambery, woody, musky Aqua freshness with citrus and amber. Wild Stone Raw Passion Aromatic, green, citrus, slightly fruity, ambery, woody, musky Sparkling, energetic irresistibly masculine. Wild Stone Ultra Sensual Aromatic, lavender, rosemary, spicy fresh, woody, musky The classic fragrance of the Wild Stone man. Wild Stone Hydra Energy Citrus, fresh, lavender, spicy, aromatic, green,woody, ambery, musky Refreshing fragrance, perfect to begin your day. Wild Stone Forest Spice Green citrus, lavender, aromatic, spicy, woody, powdery, musky Adventurous to the core. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY To study the deodorants industry in India To study the companys desired consumer perception of its brand WILDSTONE To make an in depth study and analysis of the actual brand perception of the consumers To locate gaps, if any, between the desired and actual brand perception Recommend strategies, based on my project study results, to plug such gaps. Research design and methodology Sources of data collection The study is a cross sectional study. Data was collected at a single point of time. For the purpose of present study a related sample of population were chosen for the sake of convenience. Primary data: It is the data collected afresh or for the first time OR It is data which is collected by the researcher directly from the respondents. There are various methods of data collection. The ones I have used are:- Observation : Data is collected based on observation done in the market Interview method:. Collected some information by informal interviews by the target consumers at different places to formulate the correct questionnaire. Questions related to the survey were asked on one to one basis Questionnaire: Designing the questionnaire Ø Multiple choice questions Ø Scaling Ø Subjective Method of sampling It refers to the method to be applied and the technique to be used in selecting the sample. Random sampling A sampling process where each element in the target population has a equal chance or probability of inclusion in the sample. Judgmental Sampling The selection of a unit, from the population based on the judgment. Judgment sampling involves the choice of subjects who are most advantageously placed or in the best position to provide the information required. They could reasonably be expected to have expert knowledge by virtue of having gone through the experience and processes themselves and might perhaps be able to provide good data or information to the researcher. Sample size A sample is a part of the total population .It can be an individual or a group of elements selected from the population. Although it is a subset it is representative of the population. The Sample size is 120. Questionnaire The questionnaire format was made in accordance to the research objective. However the questionnaire was modified as the survey progressed for the purpose of seeking more authentic information to enhance post survey analysis The questionnaire format is available in the annexure Research methodology It is a set of systematic techniques used by scientific researchers. During execution, the framework should always indicate the purpose of what one is doing at that moment The research methodology used is Descriptive Analysis study: Descriptive research (or statistical research)  § This research describes data and characteristics about the population or phenomenon being studied. Descriptive research answers the questions who, what, when, where and how  § Although the data description is factual, accurate and systematic, the research cannot describe what caused the situation.  § The description is used for frequencies, averages and other statistical calculations.  § Qualitative research often has the aim of description and researchers may follow it up with examinations of why the observations exist and what the implications of the findings are. In brief, descriptive research deals with everything that can be counted and studied. However there are always restrictions to that. Our research must have an impact to the lives of people around us. Similarly the results of this project will be beneficial to both the company and the consumers since the company will use these key findings about the consumers brand and consumption perception to design its marketing and other strategical concepts to position the brand in the consumers mind. ANALYSIS OF THE STUDY As mentioned the project is relating to mapping the consumer perception about the brand WILDSTONE. Evaluating the different framework available for conducting the survey. Then shorlisting the appropriate framework. For this project KAPFERERs BRAND IDENTITY PRISM have been considered for the survey. Brand Identity Prism Kapferer has developed a brand identity prism where he distinguishes a sender and recipient side, plus an externalisation and internalisation side. The 6 identity facets express the tangible and intangible characteristics of the brand and give it a unique authority and legitimacy of values and benefits. The six facets of the identity prism can be described as- Physique -Physique is both the brands backbone and its tangible added value. It is the basis of the brand. An exterior tangible facet communicating physical specificities, colour, form and brand qualities. Personality- An internal intangible facet which forms the character, soul and brand personality which are relevant for brands. Culture- An internal intangible facet to integrate the brand into the organization which is essential in differentiating brands. It symbolises the organization and the value it stands for. Here culture means the set of values feeding the brands inspiration. Relationship- It is the handshake between the consumer and the organization. Reflection It is the consumers perception about the product. Self image-If reflection is a targets outward mirror, self image is the targets own internal mirror. Through our attitude towards certain bran, we indeed develop a certain type of internal relationship with ourselves. An external intangible facet reflecting the customer attitude towards the brand. These six facets define the identity of the brand as well as the boundaries within which it is free to change or to develop. It demonstrates that these facets are all interrelated and form a well structured entity. Kapferers brand identity prism defines the following: The brands particular vision and aim What makes the brand different What need is the brand fulfilling What are the value or values What is its permanent nature What are the signs which make it recognizable BRAND IDENTITY PRISM OF WILD STONE DATA ANALYSIS The following are the results of the survey done for the brand Wild Stone.The questionnaire was designed based on the Brand Identity Prism.The 6 identity facets of the prism express the tangible and intangible characteristics of the brand and give it a unique authority and legitimacy of values and benefits. 1. What is your Profession? 69 percent of the target consumers were serviced based people. 31 percent people were business men. 2. Why do you use deodorant? A question was asked by the people relating to the utility of deodorant to them.43 percent of the people use deodorant for freshness. 23 percent of the target consumers use it for removing body odor. 3. From where do you purchase deodorant? 4. How do you give importance to the factors while purchasing a deodorant? (Rank 1 for the highest priority and 5 for the lowest) When the target consumers were asked about the priority they have before purchasing a deodorant for themselves, 43 percent people go for the fragrance. They give importance to the smell of the deodorant. 27 percent give importance to the brand of the deodorant. 5. Which brand of deodorant do you use? (The survey was done for the 3 brands of deodorants. Axe, Park Avenue and Wild Stone. The survey of the customer was not considered if he used any other brand of deodorant.) 48 percent of the target consumers are the users of AXE, an HUL product. Axe holds the major share among the other brands of deodorants i.e Park Avenue and Wild Stone which holds 24 and 28 percent respectively. PHYSIQUE An exterior tangible facet communicating physical specificities, colour, form and brand qualities. Physique is the starting point of branding and therefore it forms the brands backbone. 6. How do you recognize the Wild Stone products? * More than 1 answer was also given by the target consumers. For eg. a consumer may say that he recognize the product by the color and logo. An open ended question was asked by the target customers about the recognition of the Wild Stone brand. The question was asked by the consumers to know what makes them recognize the brand Wild Stone. As surveyed with 120 target consumers, 64 percent people recognize the Wild Stone brand products by the color. Around 12 percent people recognize by the logo unit of the brand. Only 17 percent people were able to recognize the logo unit of the brand i.e. the Scratch Mark. Few people recognized the product from their overall packaging unit. 7. Which color comes to your mind when you think of the Wild Stone product? * More than 1 answer was also given by the target consumers. Again an open ended question was asked to the target consumers to know what color comes in their mind when they think about the Wild Stone brand.39 percent of the target consumers responded the color black .17 percent consumers perception matched with the companys view i.e. the color Silver .The company associated silver with the brand. As the color silver signifies self-confidence and self-assurance. However, majority chose the color black with the brand. 8. Other than the Brand name, what symbol in the product helps you recognize the product? Logo unit helps to recognize the brand easily. Logo units are the representatives of the brands. Only 22 of the target consumers recognized the symbol in the product i.e. the scratch marks. PERSONALITY An internal intangible facet which forms the character, soul and brand personality which are relevant for brands. 9. If Wild Stone a man, which age group should he belong to? The brand identity prism focuses on the personality of the brand. The intangible facets like the age, the character etc. of the brand. The company has positioned the brand to reflect the person belonging to the age group between 22-28. Around 56 percent of the people matched with the companys perception.31 percent of the target consumers perceives the brand to belong to the age group of 18-22. 10. Which celebrity would you suggest who should endorse Wild Stone? As the company says the brand is definitely for male. Wild Stone markets itself as the masculine and mysterious brand in the Indian market. All its campaign revolve around the central theme of seduction where girls make the first move. Had Wild Stone been a person, its appearance would have been a masculine type. Company feels the brand as the masculine and the mysterious type.38 percent of the target consumer feels that Akshay Kumar is the better choice who can endorse the brand. Akshay Kumar the action hero is known better for his masculine nature. So the majority feel Akshay Kumar as the best option for endorsing this brand. They have the same perception as the company. Company also positioned the brand as mysterious if a person.And around 32 percent of the target consumers feel Emraan Hashmi (better known for his mysterious characters in Bollywoodmovies) can be a better option for endorsing the brand. 11. What sort of games would Wild Stone play, if a man? ENJOYS A HINT OF DANGER The Wild Stone brand as a person will enjoy a hint of danger. Company positioned it as a brand which enjoys the risk and adventure. The danger with that adventure is enjoyed. Bungee jumping is considered as the most dangerous game among the options given. 20 people of the total 120 believe that the brand Wild Stone if a person will enjoy Bungee Jumping. But 48 out of 120 believe that Wild Stone as a person will enjoy river rafting the most as it appeals more thrilling and adventurous. REFLECTION- An exterior facet with tangible and intangible areas, and defines the behaviour that identifies the brand the way the brand connect to its customers. 12. If Wild Stone were a person, rate the following attributes: (1 denotes for Strongly Agree and 5 for strongly disagree) CULTURE- An internal intangible facet to integrate the brand into the organization which is essential in differentiating brands. It symbolises the organization and the value it stands for. 13. If Wild Stone a person, please rank its modernity. The company positioned the brand to be modern. It belongs to the young generation. 58 percent of the target consumers feel the same. 14. If Wild Stone a person, which nationality would he belong? The nationality plays an important role in understanding the cultural background of the brand the consumers would associate it to. The brand belongs to the Indian Nationality.58 percent of the target consumers say that the brand is the Indian brand. It belongs to the Indian nationality.17 percent of the target consumers say that the brand is of American nationality. SELF IMAGE Self-image is the external intangible facet reflecting the customers attitude towards the brand. These inner thoughts connect personal inner relationship with the brand. So called: the target internal mirror 15. Describe people who will be users of Wild Stone brand. * More than 1 answer was also given by the target consumers. When the Wild Stone users were asked about how they feel when they use the Wild Stone deodorants or how they fe Fragrance Advertising and Brand Study Fragrance Advertising and Brand Study INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT What is Brand? â€Å"Brand is the personality that identifies a product, service or company (name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or combination of them) and how it relates to customers.† Brand is a name or symbol that is commonly known to identify a company or its products and separate them from the competition. A well-known brand is generally regarded as one that people will recognise, often even if they do not know about the company or its products/services. These are usually the businesses name or the name of a product, although it can also include the name of a feature or style of a product. Brand Positioning In marketing, positioning has come to mean the process by which marketers try to create an image or identity in the minds of their target market for its product, brand, or organization. Also positioning is defined as the way by which the marketer creates impression in the customers mind. The task of the marketer is to mould consumer perceptions so as to occupy the desired position for his brand. Perceptions or brand positions can be changed even if the product is the same; this is known as repositioning of a brand. Positioning has four components. The first component is the product class or the product category in which the brand is to operate. The second is the consumer segmentation. It is impossible to think of a position for a brand without, at the same time, considering the segment for which offers benefits that other brands do not. The third is the mapping of the brand in the consumer mind. Brand benefits and attributes make up the fourth component of positioning. A consumer can allot a position in her mind only to a brand whose benefits are meaningful to her. The search for vacant positions in the market must be conducted with reference to the product benefits and the preferred importance of such benefits. The position that we seek in a consumers mind is based upon the knowledge of the consumers perception of the product category. What is the imprint of the various brand in the Definition from Wikipedia The position that we seek in a consumers mind is based upon the knowledge of the consumers perception of the product category. What is the imprint of the various brand in the consumers mind? Is there a vacant position? The answers lead us to a product concept and the emotional or psychological values which it must offer. The position which a brand seeks in the target customers mind is influenced by its functional features or attributes. The attribute must be such as to make the position credible. The position of the brand is also influenced by its non- functional features comprising functional as well as emotional or psychological values. Positioning is the pursuit of differential advantage. One of the major contribution of positioning theory to marketing strategy has been to bring out the concept of dissimilarity between the brands in the minds of target consumers and to uncover the many opportunities for such perceived differentiation based upon the capabilities of the product. Who am I? What am I? For whom am I? Why me? The answers to these would determine the brands position in the mind of the consumers. Except for the most basic necessities, consumers buy product both for their functional benefits and their symbolic meanings. Consumers prefer to buy those products and brands that match best with their image of themselves. Brands can be, and are likened to people; they acquire human characteristics. This is known as brand personality. It refers to the symbolic and emotional characteristics of a brand. Positioning is something (perception) that happens in the minds of the target market. It is the aggregate perception the market has of a particular company, product or service in relation to their perceptions of the competitors in the same category. It will happen whether or not a companys management is proactive, reactive or passive about the on-going process of evolving a position. But a company can positively influence the perceptions through enlightened strategic actions. COMPANY PROFILE McNroe Consumer Products Pvt Ltd 14,Netaji Subhas Road. Kolkata Phone- +91 33 22102095 Website-www.mcnroe.com Vision To become the most admirable grooming and lifestyle brand in India. The booming young adult population with high disposable income is more conscious of the latest trends than ever before. Keeping pace with changing times, the company is sharply focused to create and offer great products to the Indian Youth. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND The company was originated in the year 1986 as McNROE Chemicals. Promoted by Mr. N.K Daga. He is currently a Director in the company. McNROE Chemicals was incorporated as McNROE Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. On 26th July 1996. In September, 2009 the name of the Company changed as â€Å"McNROE Consumer Products Pvt. Ltd. with a view to reflect the aspiration to be a personal care Company. The company operates on a sound understanding of fragrance and its relevance to customers. The business of the Company grew in size and stature and in first 10 years of its business successfully expanded the area of distribution of its products to the states of Eastern North East India and North Central India. PRESENT STATUS Presently the company is a 140 crore company. The companys distribution network spans across Dealers, sales agents, CF agents and Super Stockist. Company brands are distributed across the country through a team of 1200 distributors covering 380000 Retail outlets. The Company has its manufacturing units in the state of Uttaranchal. The company is currently building capability to enter and serve Modern Trade Outlets. The marketing strategy of the company has been consulted by the Future Brands. MAJOR BRANDS HEAVENS GARDEN Products- Talcum Powder, Skin Care (Anti septic Cream, cold cream, moisturizing lotion) SECRET TEMPTATION (Female Range) Products- Talcum powder, perfumeries (perfumes deodorants) WILD STONE (Male Range) Products- Talcum Powders, perfumeries (perfumes deodorants), Skin care products (Shaving cream, After shave lotion, Shaving brush, Soap) Premium range of cosmetics is marketed under the brand name SECRET TEMPTATION and WILDSTONE for female and male range respectively. Mass family segment is marketed under the brand name HEAVENS GARDEN. The range of products of company include talcum powder, cold cream, anti septic cream, deodorant, spray perfume, moisturizing lotion, After Shave Lotion, Soap. INTRODUCTION TO THE BRAND WILD STONE Living life on the edge can be intensely pleasurable. Wild Stone is for the man who enjoys unshackled pleasure Wild Stone is a quintessentially male brand, providing personal care products for young Indian males. Rough and rugged, it does away with the controlled norms of social interaction, taking contact between men and women to an elemental, instinctual level. Wild Stone bases its products on the changing needs of Indias youth. Wild Stone answers the need for fragrance on the go, with its Deodorants and Perfumes. The strong fragrances are ideally suited for Indian weather conditions. Soaps and shaving products complete a mans personal care ritual. With a wide range of fine fragrances, Wild Stone offers an international experience to its users. The brand was started in the year 2005, targeting the middle class working people. Their products are targeted at the uber-masculine male â€Å"who loves living life on the edge†. Wild Stone markets itself as the masculine and mysterious brand in the Indian market. The brand is targeted at male aged 22-28. All its campaigns revolve around this central theme of seduction where girls make the first move. The feeling of being seduced gives a big boost of self confidence to a man. Along with these, the brand also ensures that customers are constantly engaged with new fragrances and campaigns. The company started the brand with a tagline â€Å"Wild by nature†. They moved on to the â€Å"Barely Legal† tagline which was more subtle and had sexual Undertones. Now the brand has again a new Tagline â€Å"It happens†. The new tagline gives a message that Wild Stone man doesnt have to Try Too Hard†. Brand anchor is â€Å"Dangerous Liaisons† and the brand destination is to become â€Å"The iconic Indian Male Fantasy brand that owns the space of Indian sensuality†. Wild Stone has grown rapidly over the last two years, to emerge as the number three brand in the fastest growing FMCG category today. It is the top brand in several states, has achieved universal awareness. With a clearly differentiated position, and strong growth across categories, Wild Stone is set for success. Wild Stone has become one amongst the top three brands in the Indian deodorant market within few years of its launch. Wild Stone deodorant has a national market share of 7.4%. PRODUCTS Deodorants TalcShaving cream Soap Aftershave Lotion DEODORANTS Night Rider Green, aromatic,floral, woody, musky Wild Stone Wild Stone Aqua Fresh Citrus, spicy, floral, ambery, woody, musky Aqua freshness with citrus and amber. Wild Stone Raw Passion Aromatic, green, citrus, slightly fruity, ambery, woody, musky Sparkling, energetic irresistibly masculine. Wild Stone Ultra Sensual Aromatic, lavender, rosemary, spicy fresh, woody, musky The classic fragrance of the Wild Stone man. Wild Stone Hydra Energy Citrus, fresh, lavender, spicy, aromatic, green,woody, ambery, musky Refreshing fragrance, perfect to begin your day. Wild Stone Forest Spice Green citrus, lavender, aromatic, spicy, woody, powdery, musky Adventurous to the core. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY To study the deodorants industry in India To study the companys desired consumer perception of its brand WILDSTONE To make an in depth study and analysis of the actual brand perception of the consumers To locate gaps, if any, between the desired and actual brand perception Recommend strategies, based on my project study results, to plug such gaps. Research design and methodology Sources of data collection The study is a cross sectional study. Data was collected at a single point of time. For the purpose of present study a related sample of population were chosen for the sake of convenience. Primary data: It is the data collected afresh or for the first time OR It is data which is collected by the researcher directly from the respondents. There are various methods of data collection. The ones I have used are:- Observation : Data is collected based on observation done in the market Interview method:. Collected some information by informal interviews by the target consumers at different places to formulate the correct questionnaire. Questions related to the survey were asked on one to one basis Questionnaire: Designing the questionnaire Ø Multiple choice questions Ø Scaling Ø Subjective Method of sampling It refers to the method to be applied and the technique to be used in selecting the sample. Random sampling A sampling process where each element in the target population has a equal chance or probability of inclusion in the sample. Judgmental Sampling The selection of a unit, from the population based on the judgment. Judgment sampling involves the choice of subjects who are most advantageously placed or in the best position to provide the information required. They could reasonably be expected to have expert knowledge by virtue of having gone through the experience and processes themselves and might perhaps be able to provide good data or information to the researcher. Sample size A sample is a part of the total population .It can be an individual or a group of elements selected from the population. Although it is a subset it is representative of the population. The Sample size is 120. Questionnaire The questionnaire format was made in accordance to the research objective. However the questionnaire was modified as the survey progressed for the purpose of seeking more authentic information to enhance post survey analysis The questionnaire format is available in the annexure Research methodology It is a set of systematic techniques used by scientific researchers. During execution, the framework should always indicate the purpose of what one is doing at that moment The research methodology used is Descriptive Analysis study: Descriptive research (or statistical research)  § This research describes data and characteristics about the population or phenomenon being studied. Descriptive research answers the questions who, what, when, where and how  § Although the data description is factual, accurate and systematic, the research cannot describe what caused the situation.  § The description is used for frequencies, averages and other statistical calculations.  § Qualitative research often has the aim of description and researchers may follow it up with examinations of why the observations exist and what the implications of the findings are. In brief, descriptive research deals with everything that can be counted and studied. However there are always restrictions to that. Our research must have an impact to the lives of people around us. Similarly the results of this project will be beneficial to both the company and the consumers since the company will use these key findings about the consumers brand and consumption perception to design its marketing and other strategical concepts to position the brand in the consumers mind. ANALYSIS OF THE STUDY As mentioned the project is relating to mapping the consumer perception about the brand WILDSTONE. Evaluating the different framework available for conducting the survey. Then shorlisting the appropriate framework. For this project KAPFERERs BRAND IDENTITY PRISM have been considered for the survey. Brand Identity Prism Kapferer has developed a brand identity prism where he distinguishes a sender and recipient side, plus an externalisation and internalisation side. The 6 identity facets express the tangible and intangible characteristics of the brand and give it a unique authority and legitimacy of values and benefits. The six facets of the identity prism can be described as- Physique -Physique is both the brands backbone and its tangible added value. It is the basis of the brand. An exterior tangible facet communicating physical specificities, colour, form and brand qualities. Personality- An internal intangible facet which forms the character, soul and brand personality which are relevant for brands. Culture- An internal intangible facet to integrate the brand into the organization which is essential in differentiating brands. It symbolises the organization and the value it stands for. Here culture means the set of values feeding the brands inspiration. Relationship- It is the handshake between the consumer and the organization. Reflection It is the consumers perception about the product. Self image-If reflection is a targets outward mirror, self image is the targets own internal mirror. Through our attitude towards certain bran, we indeed develop a certain type of internal relationship with ourselves. An external intangible facet reflecting the customer attitude towards the brand. These six facets define the identity of the brand as well as the boundaries within which it is free to change or to develop. It demonstrates that these facets are all interrelated and form a well structured entity. Kapferers brand identity prism defines the following: The brands particular vision and aim What makes the brand different What need is the brand fulfilling What are the value or values What is its permanent nature What are the signs which make it recognizable BRAND IDENTITY PRISM OF WILD STONE DATA ANALYSIS The following are the results of the survey done for the brand Wild Stone.The questionnaire was designed based on the Brand Identity Prism.The 6 identity facets of the prism express the tangible and intangible characteristics of the brand and give it a unique authority and legitimacy of values and benefits. 1. What is your Profession? 69 percent of the target consumers were serviced based people. 31 percent people were business men. 2. Why do you use deodorant? A question was asked by the people relating to the utility of deodorant to them.43 percent of the people use deodorant for freshness. 23 percent of the target consumers use it for removing body odor. 3. From where do you purchase deodorant? 4. How do you give importance to the factors while purchasing a deodorant? (Rank 1 for the highest priority and 5 for the lowest) When the target consumers were asked about the priority they have before purchasing a deodorant for themselves, 43 percent people go for the fragrance. They give importance to the smell of the deodorant. 27 percent give importance to the brand of the deodorant. 5. Which brand of deodorant do you use? (The survey was done for the 3 brands of deodorants. Axe, Park Avenue and Wild Stone. The survey of the customer was not considered if he used any other brand of deodorant.) 48 percent of the target consumers are the users of AXE, an HUL product. Axe holds the major share among the other brands of deodorants i.e Park Avenue and Wild Stone which holds 24 and 28 percent respectively. PHYSIQUE An exterior tangible facet communicating physical specificities, colour, form and brand qualities. Physique is the starting point of branding and therefore it forms the brands backbone. 6. How do you recognize the Wild Stone products? * More than 1 answer was also given by the target consumers. For eg. a consumer may say that he recognize the product by the color and logo. An open ended question was asked by the target customers about the recognition of the Wild Stone brand. The question was asked by the consumers to know what makes them recognize the brand Wild Stone. As surveyed with 120 target consumers, 64 percent people recognize the Wild Stone brand products by the color. Around 12 percent people recognize by the logo unit of the brand. Only 17 percent people were able to recognize the logo unit of the brand i.e. the Scratch Mark. Few people recognized the product from their overall packaging unit. 7. Which color comes to your mind when you think of the Wild Stone product? * More than 1 answer was also given by the target consumers. Again an open ended question was asked to the target consumers to know what color comes in their mind when they think about the Wild Stone brand.39 percent of the target consumers responded the color black .17 percent consumers perception matched with the companys view i.e. the color Silver .The company associated silver with the brand. As the color silver signifies self-confidence and self-assurance. However, majority chose the color black with the brand. 8. Other than the Brand name, what symbol in the product helps you recognize the product? Logo unit helps to recognize the brand easily. Logo units are the representatives of the brands. Only 22 of the target consumers recognized the symbol in the product i.e. the scratch marks. PERSONALITY An internal intangible facet which forms the character, soul and brand personality which are relevant for brands. 9. If Wild Stone a man, which age group should he belong to? The brand identity prism focuses on the personality of the brand. The intangible facets like the age, the character etc. of the brand. The company has positioned the brand to reflect the person belonging to the age group between 22-28. Around 56 percent of the people matched with the companys perception.31 percent of the target consumers perceives the brand to belong to the age group of 18-22. 10. Which celebrity would you suggest who should endorse Wild Stone? As the company says the brand is definitely for male. Wild Stone markets itself as the masculine and mysterious brand in the Indian market. All its campaign revolve around the central theme of seduction where girls make the first move. Had Wild Stone been a person, its appearance would have been a masculine type. Company feels the brand as the masculine and the mysterious type.38 percent of the target consumer feels that Akshay Kumar is the better choice who can endorse the brand. Akshay Kumar the action hero is known better for his masculine nature. So the majority feel Akshay Kumar as the best option for endorsing this brand. They have the same perception as the company. Company also positioned the brand as mysterious if a person.And around 32 percent of the target consumers feel Emraan Hashmi (better known for his mysterious characters in Bollywoodmovies) can be a better option for endorsing the brand. 11. What sort of games would Wild Stone play, if a man? ENJOYS A HINT OF DANGER The Wild Stone brand as a person will enjoy a hint of danger. Company positioned it as a brand which enjoys the risk and adventure. The danger with that adventure is enjoyed. Bungee jumping is considered as the most dangerous game among the options given. 20 people of the total 120 believe that the brand Wild Stone if a person will enjoy Bungee Jumping. But 48 out of 120 believe that Wild Stone as a person will enjoy river rafting the most as it appeals more thrilling and adventurous. REFLECTION- An exterior facet with tangible and intangible areas, and defines the behaviour that identifies the brand the way the brand connect to its customers. 12. If Wild Stone were a person, rate the following attributes: (1 denotes for Strongly Agree and 5 for strongly disagree) CULTURE- An internal intangible facet to integrate the brand into the organization which is essential in differentiating brands. It symbolises the organization and the value it stands for. 13. If Wild Stone a person, please rank its modernity. The company positioned the brand to be modern. It belongs to the young generation. 58 percent of the target consumers feel the same. 14. If Wild Stone a person, which nationality would he belong? The nationality plays an important role in understanding the cultural background of the brand the consumers would associate it to. The brand belongs to the Indian Nationality.58 percent of the target consumers say that the brand is the Indian brand. It belongs to the Indian nationality.17 percent of the target consumers say that the brand is of American nationality. SELF IMAGE Self-image is the external intangible facet reflecting the customers attitude towards the brand. These inner thoughts connect personal inner relationship with the brand. So called: the target internal mirror 15. Describe people who will be users of Wild Stone brand. * More than 1 answer was also given by the target consumers. When the Wild Stone users were asked about how they feel when they use the Wild Stone deodorants or how they fe